Question: Where is insulin produced?

Answer Options:
A) In the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
B) In the alpha cells of the pancreas
C) In the zone glomerlosa of the adrenal gland
D) In the beta cells of the pancreas

Answer: D) In the beta cells of the pancreas

Question: List the components of the middle (vascular) layer of the wall of the eye.

Answer Options:
A) Cornea and sclera
B) Retina, macula lutea, and fovea centralis
C) Optic disc and optic nerve
D) Ciliary body, iris, and choroid coat

Answer: D) Ciliary body, iris, and choroid coat

Question: What cranial nerve is responsible for stimulating muscles to smile?

Answer Options:
A) Trigeminal n. (CN V)
B) Facial n. (CN VII)
C) Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
D) Accessory n. (CN XI)

Answer: B) Facial n. (CN VII)

Question: Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear as what color in the central nervous system?

Answer Options:
A) Red
B) Gray
C) Transparent
D) White

Answer: D) White

Question: What hormone lowers blood calcium levels?

Answer Options:
A) Parathyroid hormone
B) Calcitriol
C) Calcitonin
D) Aldosterone

Answer: C) Calcitonin

Question: What is the function of the reticular formation?

Answer Options:
A) Stimulates cortical wakefulness
B) Stimulates protein synthesis by the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Stimulates voluntary muscle movement
D) Inhibits involuntary muscle movement

Answer: A) Stimulates cortical wakefulness

Question: What type of neurotransmitters would move the post-synaptic membrane potential closer to threshold?

Answer Options:
A) Excitatory neurotransmitter
B) All-or-none neurotransmitter
C) Hyperpolarizing neurotransmitter
D) Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer: A) Excitatory neurotransmitter

Question: What is the cause of Type-1 diabetes mellitus?

Answer Options:
A) Excess sugar in the diet
B) An effect of aging
C) A defect in antidiuretic hormone secretion
D) An autoimmune disease

Answer: D) An autoimmune disease

Question: Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglia?

Answer Options:
A) Oligodendrocyte
B) Neuron
C) Astrocyte
D) Ependymal cell

Answer: B) Neuron

Question: Damage to which area of the brain would result in the inability to sense a coin in the right hand?

Answer Options:
A) Left parietal lobe
B) Right parietal lobe
C) Right frontal lobe
D) Left frontal lobe

Answer: A) Left parietal lobe

Question: Which voltage-gated channels will open when an action potential reaches the synaptic knob, resulting in synaptic vesicles releasing neurotransmitters?

Answer Options:
A) Chloride voltage-gated channels
B) Sodium voltage-gated channels
C) Calcium voltage-gated channels
D) Potassium voltage-gated channels

Answer: C) Calcium voltage-gated channels

Question: Which of the following is a special sense?

Answer Options:
A) Balance
B) Pain
C) Temperature
D) Touch

Answer: A) Balance

Question: Due to damage of a nervous structure during birth, a patient’s arm is adducted, internally rotated, and their hand faces posteriorly, a condition known as Erb’s Duchenne palsy. What nervous structure was damaged?

Answer Options:
A) Femoral nerve
B) Lumboscaral plexus
C) Brachial plexus
D) Cervical plexus

Answer: C) Brachial plexus

Question: Which of the following axons would have the slowest conduction speed?

Answer Options:
A) Unmyelinated, large-diameter axon
B) Myelinated, large-diameter axon
C) Myelinated, small-diameter axon
D) Unmyelinated, small-diameter axon

Answer: D) Unmyelinated, small-diameter axon

Question: What hormone is produced in response to the absence of light in the environment and is associated with circadian rhythms?

Answer Options:
A) Serotonin
B) Melatonin
C) Dopamine
D) Acetylcholine

Answer: B) Melatonin

Question: What is the term for the ability of the nervous system to become less responsive to a maintained stimulus?

Answer Options:
A) Accommodation
B) Sensory deprivation
C) Refraction
D) Sensory adaptation

Answer: D) Sensory adaptation