Question: When eukaryotic chromosomes are gently treated with detergents to remove histones and some nonhistone proteins and then observed with an electron microscope, the chromosomal DNA appears as _____________ formed by protein complexes, called _________________.
Answer Options:
• A) Helixes; cohesins
• B) Loops; condensins
• C) Fibers; histones
• D) Beads; scaffold
Answer: B) Loops; condensins
Question: What are the four major classes of chromosomal rearrangements?
Answer Options:
• A) Inversions, duplications, translocations, deletions
• B) Duplications, reciprocal translocations, nonreciprocal translocations, inversions
• C) Deletions, inversions, duplications, point mutations
• D) Translocations, pericentric inversions, paracentric inversions, deletions
Answer: A) Inversions, duplications, translocations, deletions
Question: The type of mutation that results in a loss of material from the genome is called what?
Answer Options:
• A) Inversion
• B) Duplication
• C) Deletion
• D) Translocation
Answer: C) Deletion
Question: What type of mutation adds material to the genome?
Answer Options:
• A) Inversion
• B) Duplication
• C) Deletion
• D) Translocation
Answer: B) Duplication I will continue formatting the remaining questions in this style until completion.
Question: Which type of mutation is most likely to result in lethality?
Answer Options:
• A) Inversion
• B) Duplication
• C) Deletion
• D) Translocation
Answer: C) Deletion
Question: What is the movement of part of one chromosome to another chromosome called?
Answer Options:
• A) Inversion
• B) Duplication
• C) Deletion
• D) Translocation
Answer: D) Translocation
Question: What is a segment of DNA that can use transposase to move from one place in the genome to another called?
Answer Options:
• A) Regulatory region
• B) Duplication
• C) Translocation
• D) DNA transposon
• E) Retrotransposon
Answer: D) DNA transposon
Question: An acentric fragment is one result of crossing-over between a normal chromosome and a chromosome that has undergone what kind of mutation?
Answer Options:
• A) Paracentric inversion
• B) Duplication
• C) Reciprocal translocation
• D) Pericentric inversion
Answer: A) Paracentric inversion
Question: Karyotypes generally remain constant within a species because
Answer Options:
• A) Rearrangements occur frequently.
• B) Changes in chromosome number occur infrequently.
• C) Genetic instabilities produced by genomic changes are usually at a selective disadvantage.
• D) Genetic imbalances are often at a selective advantage.
Answer: C) Genetic instabilities produced by genomic changes are usually at a selective disadvantage.
Question: Despite selection against chromosomal variations,
Answer Options:
• A) Related species almost always have the same karyotype.
• B) Related species almost always have different karyotypes.
• C) Closely related species diverge by many chromosomal rearrangements.
• D) Distantly related species diverge by only a few chromosomal rearrangements.
Answer: C) Closely related species diverge by many chromosomal rearrangements.
Question: An individual with one normal homolog and one homolog with a deletion is called what?
Answer Options:
• A) A deletion heterozygote
• B) A deletion homozygote
• C) Dosage compensation
• D) Haploinsufficient
Answer: A) A deletion heterozygote
Question: In a deletion heterozygote, the normal chromosome will form what structure during prophase of meiosis I?
Answer Options:
• A) Inversion loop
• B) Cruciform
• C) Slipped mispairing
• D) Deletion loop
Answer: D) Deletion loop