Question: When constructing a YAC, why must a large DNA insert be included?
Answer Options:
• A) The inserted DNA base pairs with DNA in the genome.
• B) YACs that are too small do not segregate properly during mitosis.
• C) The inserted DNA functions as telomeres.
• D) The inserted DNA contains origins of replication needed for maintenance of the YAC.
• E) The inserted DNA allows YACs to be used in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Answer: B) YACs that are too small do not segregate properly during mitosis.
Question: What is the best definition for the FISH technique?
Answer Options:
• A) A method to fluorescently label different genes on metaphase chromosomes.
• B) A method to fluorescently label methylated histones associated with chromosomes.
• C) A method to fluorescently label heterochromatin.
• D) A method to fluorescently label euchromatin.
Answer: A) A method to fluorescently label different genes on metaphase chromosomes.
Question: What is true about new nucleosome formation during DNA replication?
Answer Options:
• A) Nucleosomes will be composed of different combinations of H3/H4 tetramers and H2A/H2B dimers that are either newly synthesized or were from previous histone octamers.
• B) Nucleosomes will be composed of different combinations of H3/H2A tetramers and H4/H2B dimers that are either newly synthesized or were from previous histone octamers.
• C) One DNA strand will have newly synthesized octamers and the other will have previously synthesized octamers.
• D) Nucleosomes will be composed of different combinations of H2A/H2B/H3/H4 tetramers that are either newly synthesized or were from previous histone octamers.
Answer: A) Nucleosomes will be composed of different combinations of H3/H4 tetramers and H2A/H2B dimers that are either newly synthesized or were from previous histone octamers.
Question: What are telomeres?
Answer Options:
• A) Short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes.
• B) Long, repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes.
• C) Short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of linear prokaryotic chromosomes.
• D) Long, unique DNA sequences found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes.
Answer: A) Short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. Let me continue in this format for all questions until they are fully covered.
Question: Which statement correctly describes the similarity of centromeres in different organisms?
Answer Options:
• A) Both yeast and plant centromeres have two 10 bp to 15 bp conserved elements.
• B) Yeast centromeres have fewer satellite DNA repeats than do human centromeres.
• C) Both human and plant centromeres are composed of repeated satellite DNA sequences.
• D) Yeast centromeres have fewer satellite DNA repeats than do plant centromeres.
Answer: B) Yeast centromeres have fewer satellite DNA repeats than do human centromeres.
Question: The technique of preparing mitotic chromosomes involves a staining procedure using Giemsa stain. In this procedure, chromosomes are first ______ and then exposed to stain, producing ______ in a standard human karyotype.
Answer Options:
• A) Heated; hundreds of reproducible bands
• B) Heated; thousands of reproducible bands
• C) Fragmented; hundreds of reproducible bands
• D) Fragmented; hundreds of variable bands
Answer: B) Heated; thousands of reproducible bands.
Question: The creation of yeast artificial chromosomes preceded the production of the first yeast
Answer Options:
• A) Synthetic chromosome that includes sequences from the human genome.
• B) Synthetic chromosome that lacks about 50,000 bp from the normal yeast third chromosome.
• C) Essential chromosome that combines the 1,000 essential yeast genes into one chromosome.
• D) Circular chromosome that does not require telomere sequences.
Answer: A) Synthetic chromosome that includes sequences from the human genome.
Question: Suppose a cell lacks functional shugoshin. What is the predicted effect on cohesin?
Answer Options:
• A) Cohesin will be cleaved prior to metaphase in mitosis.
• B) Cohesin will not be cleaved during mitosis or meiosis.
• C) Cohesin at the centromeres of sister chromatids will be cleaved during meiosis I.
• D) Cohesin on the arms of sister chromatids will be cleaved during meiosis II.
• E) Cohesin will be cleaved normally during mitosis and meiosis I.
Answer: C) Cohesin at the centromeres of sister chromatids will be cleaved during meiosis I.
Question: The position of a gene located within a light G band on the short arm of chromosome 5 could be designated as
Answer Options:
• A) 5p13-pter.
• B) 5p13-qter.
• C) p513.
• D) 5q13-qter.
• E) q513.
Answer: A) 5p13-pter.
Question: Acetylated histone tail lysines are associated with chromatin that is
Answer Options:
• A) Open.
• B) Closed.
• C) Transcriptionally inactive.
• D) Newly replicated.
• E) About to replicate.
Answer: A) Open.
Question: Methylated histone tail amino acids are associated with chromatin that is
Answer Options:
• A) Either open or closed.
• B) Open only.
• C) Closed only.
• D) Newly replicated.
• E) About to replicate.
Answer: A) Either open or closed.
Question: Probes used in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY) techniques contain
Answer Options:
• A) DNA only.
• B) Fluorescent tag(s) only.
• C) DNA attached to fluorescent tag(s).
• D) Proteins.
• E) Proteins attached to fluorescent tag(s).
Answer: C) DNA attached to fluorescent tag(s).