Question: Morgan’s car is blue, but Ashley’s is silver-colored.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: c. Has no effect
Question: What cause is suggested by the information in Table 1A?
a. D is a sufficient but not necessary condition for the phenomenon.
b. A is a sufficient and necessary condition for the phenomenon.
c. F is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
d. E is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
e. C is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
Answer: e. C is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
Question: Morgan discovers 6 acquaintances who bought Goodmonth XK-1 tires. All drive conservatively.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: b. Weakens
Question: Goodmonth recently hired a new Chief Financial Officer.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: c. Has no effect
Question: What method was used to determine the cause suggested by Table 1A?
a. The method of concomitant variation.
b. The joint method of agreement and difference.
c. The method of difference.
d. An unnamed method.
e. The method of agreement.
Answer: d. An unnamed method.
Question: When we say that stubbing your toe causes you to feel pain, we mean ’cause’ in the sense of a:
a. Relative and an absolute condition.
b. Necessary and a sufficient condition.
c. Sufficient but not a necessary condition.
d. Relative but not an absolute condition.
e. Necessary but not a sufficient condition.
Answer: c. Sufficient but not a necessary condition.
Question: Connie changes her conclusion: She’ll get at least an A– in Professor Langley’s course.
a. Weakens.
b. Has no effect.
c. Strengthens.
Answer Options:
a. Weakens
b. Has no effect
c. Strengthens
Answer: c. Strengthens
Question: Connie discovers four biology majors who took Professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. All four spent a year taking courses in Florence, Italy.
a. Has no effect.
b. Weakens.
c. Strengthens.
Answer Options:
a. Has no effect
b. Weakens
c. Strengthens
Answer: b. Weakens
Question: What method was used to determine the cause suggested by Table 2A?
a. The joint method of agreement and difference.
b. The method of agreement.
c. The method of difference.
d. The method of concomitant variation.
e. An unnamed method.
Answer: b. The method of agreement.
Question: Morgan discovers 6 acquaintances who bought Goodmonth XK-1 tires. All drive different model cars.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: a. Strengthens
Question: Morgan and Ashley drive the same model car.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: a. Strengthens
Question: When we say that electrically charged particles in the atmosphere cause lightning, we mean ’cause’ in the sense of a:
a. Necessary but not a sufficient condition.
b. Necessary and a sufficient condition.
c. Relative and an absolute condition.
d. Relative but not an absolute condition.
e. Sufficient but not a necessary condition.
Answer: a. Necessary but not a sufficient condition.
Question: Ashley does most of her driving on city streets and freeways, whereas Morgan drives mostly on country roads.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: b. Weakens
Question: Morgan discovers 6 acquaintances who bought Goodmonth XK-1 tires. All drive cars equipped with CD changers.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: c. Has no effect
Question: Connie discovers four biology majors who took Professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. All four come from different backgrounds and have different interests.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer Options:
a. Strengthens
b. Weakens
c. Has no effect
Answer: a. Strengthens
Question: What cause is suggested by the information in Table 2A?
a. C is a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
b. A is a necessary and sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
c. B is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
d. D is a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
e. E is a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
Answer: e. E is a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
Question: Morgan changes her conclusion to state that she will get at least 45,000 miles of use.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: a. Strengthens
Question: Morgan discovers 6 acquaintances who bought Goodmonth XK-1 tires. All got 50,000 miles of use.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: a. Strengthens
Question: When we say that applying a force to the end of a coil spring causes the spring to stretch, we mean ’cause’ in the sense of a:
a. Necessary but not a sufficient condition.
b. Necessary and a sufficient condition.
c. Sufficient but not a necessary condition.
d. Relative but not an absolute condition.
e. Relative and an absolute condition.
Answer: b. Necessary and a sufficient condition.
Question: Morgan drives aggressively, but Ashley drives conservatively.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
Answer: b. Weakens