Question: 12. A computer statistical package has included the following quantities in its output: SST = 50, SSR = 35, and SSE = 15. How much of the variation in y is explained by the regression equation?
Answer Choices: a. 49% b. 70% c. 35% d. 15%
Answer: b. 70%
Question: Independent variables in a regression equation should NOT be mutually exclusive.
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Answer: False Question P-value is the smallest level of α at which to reject Ho. Correct Answer: True
Question: The usual objective of regression analysis is to predict/estimate the value of one variable when the value of another variable is known.
Answer Choices: [Not visible in source]
Answer: True
Question: Correlation analysis is concerned with measuring the strength of the relationship between two variables
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Answer: True
Question: In the least squares model, the explained sum of squares is always smaller than the regression sum of squares.
Answer Choices: [Not visible in source]
Answer: False
Question: The sample correlation coefficient and the sample slope will always have the same sign
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Answer: True
Question: When small values of Y tend to be paired with small values of X, the relationship between X and Y is said to be inverse.
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Answer: False
Question: When we reject a true null hypothesis, we commit a Type I error.
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Answer: True
Question: Decide whether the following statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain your reasoning. My bar chart contains more information than yours, because I made my bars three-dimensional.
Answer Choices: A. The statement makes sense because making the bars three-dimensional makes the graph easier to read and increases the amount of information that can be read from it. B. The statement does not make sense because making the bars three-dimensional does not necessarily mean that information was added. It could mean that only the appearance of the graph was changed. C. The statement makes sense because making the bars three-dimensional means that more information was used to create a third dimension in the graph. D. The statement does not make sense because making the bars three-dimensional makes the graph harder to read and reduced the amount of information that can be read from it.
Answer: B. The statement does not make sense because making the bars three-dimensional does not necessarily mean that information was added. It could mean that only the appearance of the graph was changed.
Question: Decide whether the following statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain your reasoning. There’s been only a very slight rise in our stock price over the past few months, but I wanted to make it look dramatic so I started the vertical scale from the lowest price rather than from zero.
Answer Choices: A. The statement does not make sense because reducing the range of the vertical axis to just fit the data will decrease the relative size of the variation in the data. B. The statement makes sense because reducing the range of the vertical axis to just fit the data will increase the relative size of the variation in the data. C. The statement does not make sense because changing the axis cannot change the data that is being displayed. D. The statement makes sense because increasing the range of the vertical axis to contain all of the data will increase the relative size of the variation in the data.
Answer: B. The statement makes sense because reducing the range of the vertical axis to just fit the data will increase the relative size of the variation in the data.
Question: Which of the following would be considered a symptom?
Answer Choices: A. blood pressure reading of 150/90 mm Hg B. body ache and chills C. fever of 39 °C D. heart rate of 120 bpm
Answer: B. body ache and chills
Question: According to Watson, the future of psychology lies in:
Answer Choices: A. Studying the mind. B. Exploring consciousness. C. Analyzing sensations. D. Observing and measuring behavior. E. Understanding emotions.
Answer: D. Observing and measuring behavior.
Question: Watson believes that introspection:
Answer Choices: A. Provides reliable scientific data. B. Is the best method for studying the mind. C. Should be the focus of psychology. D. Is too subjective to be useful. E. Offers valuable insights into behavior.
Answer: D. Is too subjective to be useful.
Question: For Watson, the goal of behaviorism is:
Answer Choices: A. To describe mental processes. B. To explore internal experiences. C. To predict and control behavior. D. To understand consciousness. E. To analyze sensations.
Answer: C. To predict and control behavior.
Question: Watson asserts that behaviorism should:
Answer Choices: A. Focus on the mind. B. Discard the study of behavior. C. Adopt the methods of introspection. D. Concentrate on observable actions. E. Prioritize the analysis of sensations.
Answer: D. Concentrate on observable actions.
Question: In Watson’s view, psychology’s focus should be:
Answer Choices: A. The study of consciousness. B. The analysis of mental states. C. The examination of sensations. D. The observation and measurement of behavior. E. The exploration of the unconscious mind.
Answer: D. The observation and measurement of behavior.
Question: Watson makes the case that, generally, experiments in natural science have what advantage over psychological experimentation?
Answer Choices: A. All hypotheses B. Animal and human subjects C. Collected data D. Quantifiable results E. Experimental conditions
Answer: E. Experimental conditions
Question: Using the example of sensation, Watson criticizes psychology for lacking which of the following aspects of good research? Not only was this criticism true in his day, but many would argue that many psychological studies today still have difficulty with this.
Answer Choices: A. Operationalizing terms B. Subject selection C. Avoiding experimenter bias D. Controlling variables E. Generalizability
Answer: A. Operationalizing terms
Question: Upon reading Watson’s critique of psychology, which of the following psychologists representing the school of “structuralism” was quite offended at Watson’s attack on introspection as a method?
Answer Choices: A. Wilhelm Wundt B. Edward Titchener C. William James D. Lightner Witmer E. Sigmund Freud
Answer: B. Edward Titchener
Question: Either tobacco advertising will not be curtailed or teenage smoking will increase. Therefore, teenage smoking will increase, since tobacco advertising will be curtailed.
Answer Choices: a. Modus tollens b. Modus ponens c. Disjunctive syllogism d. Invalid e. Denying the antecedent
Answer: c. Disjunctive syllogism
Question: If rainfall is normal, then grain reserves will not be tapped, because if the harvest is not abundant, then grain reserves will be tapped, and if rainfall is normal, then the harvest will be abundant.
Answer Choices: a. Pure hypothetical syllogism b. Invalid
Answer: a. Pure hypothetical syllogism
Question: If our company reduces wages, then it will lose its labor force; but if it does not reduce wages, then it will go bankrupt. Thus, our company will either lose its labor force or go bankrupt, since it will either reduce wages or not reduce them.
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Answer: a. Constructive dilemma.