Question: One of the reasons astrology is not considered a science is that:
Answer Choices: a. The rules for casting horoscopes are self-contradictory. b. It is not taught in reputable colleges and universities. c. Calculating the interactions of planetary influences is too complicated. d. It shows no progress over many centuries of practice. e. It has been superseded by astronomy and cosmology.
Answer: d. It shows no progress over many centuries of practice.
Question: One consequence of Ockham’s razor is that:
Answer Choices: a. The more complex an explanation is, the more complete it is. b. Naturalistic explanations are better than supernatural ones. c. Supernatural explanations are better than naturalistic ones. d. The best explanations are the ones containing numerous theoretical entities. e. Paranormal phenomena are not able to be explained.
Answer: b. Naturalistic explanations are better than supernatural ones.
Question: One of the reasons for the existence of superstitious beliefs is that:
Answer Choices: a. They help relieve anxiety. b. They are a reliable substitute for scientific conclusions. c. They explain various kinds of delusions and hallucinations. d. They are more satisfying to religious people than science. e. They are useful in explaining the content of dreams.
Answer: a. They help relieve anxiety.
Question: The experiment performed by psychologists Singer and Benassi involving a conjurer who performed before a group of students tends to show that:
Answer Choices: a. A conjurer’s tricks can be exposed by keen observers. b. People see what they have been conditioned to see. c. Psychokinesis is possible given the right conditions. d. Many people are disposed to magical ways of thinking. e. Clairvoyance is not a reliable way of solving crimes.
Answer: d. Many people are disposed to magical ways of thinking.
Question: An example of the placebo effect is:
Answer Choices: a. The apparent ability to recognize the picture on a Zener card without actually seeing it. b. Being able to walk on hot coals without getting burned. c. The apparent cure that results from taking sugar pills. d. The apparent ability to bend spoons and keys without touching them. e. Being able to levitate.
Answer: c. The apparent cure that results from taking sugar pills.
Question: An example of pareidolia is:
Answer Choices: a. Seeing the face of Jesus in the burn marks on a tortilla. b. Seeing what appears to be a UFO move against a dark sky. c. Hearing or seeing what seems to be a ghost just before falling asleep. d. Seeing the word “STOP” on a partly obscured road sign. e. Identifying personality features from the bumps on a person’s head.
Answer: a. Seeing the face of Jesus in the burn marks on a tortilla.
Question: An example of a Gestalt is:
Answer Choices: a. A temporary episode of color blindness. b. A retinal after-image caused by viewing a brightly lighted scene. c. A distorted perception caused by damage to the frontal lobe of the brain. d. The pattern created in one’s mind by solving a puzzle. e. An optical illusion produced by overlapping geometrical figures.
Answer: d. The pattern created in one’s mind by solving a puzzle.
Question: An example of the autokinetic effect is:
Answer Choices: a. The image of rapidly moving objects in the content of dreams. b. Seeing unknown entities move about in a dark closet. c. The perceived movement of a human body after death. d. The sensation of involuntary bodily movements while falling asleep. e. The apparent movement of a small stationary light in a dark room.
Answer: e. The apparent movement of a small stationary light in a dark room.
Question: Hypnagogic hallucinations may be the cause of:
Answer Choices: a. The appearance of faces in clouds. b. The alleged sightings of ghosts. c. Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Medjugorje. d. Déjà vu experiences. e. Near death experiences.
Answer: e. Near death experiences.
Question: Which of the following is not one of the reasons given by the authors that language is important?
Answer Choices: It can improve our sensory abilities like taste. It is the best means for expressing our thoughts and clarifying ideas. It can make a difference in our lives if we use it to its optimal form. It helps to prove our intellectual superiority.
Answer: It helps to prove our intellectual superiority.
Question: According to Chapter 1, philosophy is __________.
Answer Choices: equivalent to logic. something that does not analyze emotions. something that not everyone can do. focused on clarifying ideas.
Answer: focused on clarifying ideas.
Question: This form of thinking involves releasing oneself from normal rules of the mind and society.
Answer Choices: Critical thinking Analytical thinking Strategic thinking Creative thinking
Answer: Creative thinking
Question: When people are engaged in analytical thinking, they are __________.
Answer Choices: breaking down component parts of larger things or ideas. using their imagination to paint a landscape. writing their boss to ask for time off work. reporting something that they have seen to others.
Answer: breaking down component parts of larger things or ideas.
Question: Which of the following is a claim?
Answer Choices: Calculate the velocity of the alpha particles. Did you calculate the velocity of the alpha particles? Awesome! Alpha particles are baryons.
Answer: Alpha particles are baryons.
Question: Claims have the following attribute.
Answer Choices: They do not claim that something is the case. They often make commands. They can be true or false. They are not necessary to form arguments.
Answer: They can be true or false.
Question: In argument diagrams, __________.
Answer Choices: premises cannot work together to support another claim. conclusions support the premises. single premises can support a conclusion or another premise. premises can only support conclusions.
Answer: single premises can support a conclusion or another premise.
Question: Which of the following is a claim?
Answer Choices: Shut the door. Is the door shut? Did you shut the door? The door is shut.
Answer: The door is shut.
Question: Which of the following words from this argument is a conclusion indicator?
Answer Choices: Since Thus Philosophers Truth
Answer: Thus
Question: The perpendicular distance between the line of force and the axis defines what?
Answer Choices: torque fulcrum moment arm none of the choices are correct
Answer: moment arm
Question: The angular analogue of what?
Answer Choices: momentum force mass impulse
Answer: force
Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of torque?
Answer Choices: it is a vector quantity it is characterized by its magnitude it is characterized by its direction all of the choices are correct
Answer: all of the choices are correct