Question: Examine the picture and identify the structure labeled as A.

Answer Options:
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Answer: A. A

Question: Which chemical mediator is produced by lactobacilli in the female reproductive system and limits the growth of Candida?

Answer Options:
A. glucagon
B. glycogen
C. lactate
D. lactoferrin

Answer: C. lactate

Question: Which bacterium is able to invade sweat glands of the skin and can use lipase to degrade sebum?

Answer Options:
A. Bacteroides
B. Propionibacterium
C. Staphylococcus
D. Streptococcus

Answer: B. Propionibacterium

Question: Defensins target which process or structure of a microbial cell?

Answer Options:
A. cell membrane
B. cell wall
C. DNA synthesis
D. protein synthesis

Answer: A. cell membrane

Question: Match the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) to the body location where it is produced.
A. bacteriocin
B. cathelicidin
C. defensins
D. histatins

Answer Options:
i. skin
ii. throughout the body
iii. gastrointestinal
iv. mouth

Answer: A. iii, B. ii, C. i, D. iv

Question: Match the mediator to its function.
A. bradykinin
B. chemokine
C. histamine
D. interferon
E. leukotriene

Answer Options:
i. causes edema
ii. directs leukocytes to a particular location
iii. induces coughing, vomit, and/or diarrhea
iv. inhibits transcription and translation
v. bronchoconstriction

Answer: A. i, B. ii, C. v, D. iv, E. iii

Question: Examine the picture below. Match the leukocyte to its name.
A. basophil
B. eosinophil
C. lymphocyte
D. monocyte
E. neutrophil

Answer Options:
i. basophil
ii. eosinophil
iii. lymphocyte
iv. monocyte
v. neutrophil

Answer: A. i, B. ii, C. v, D. iv, E. iii

Question: The ________ is the mechanism used to keep the lower portion of the respiratory tract sterile.

Answer: mucociliary escalator

Question: A granuloma is a structure formed to wall off pathogens. Where are granulomas typically found in the body?

Answer: Granulomas/tubercles

Question: A(n) ________ pyrogen is a molecule from a pathogen that triggers fever.

Answer: exogenous

Question: ________ is a disease characterized by chronic edema due to blockage of the lymphatic system.

Answer: Elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis)

Question: A 7.0-kg bowling ball experiences a net force of 5.0 N. What will be its acceleration?

Answer: 0.71 m/s²

Question: A temperature change from 15°C to 35°C corresponds to what incremental change in °F? (36)

Answer Options:
18
20
36
40

Answer: 36