Question: Which of these is never a virulence factor? Capsules Ribosomes Exotoxins Endotoxins

Which of these is never a virulence factor? Capsules Ribosomes Exotoxins Endotoxins Correct Answer: Ribosomes

 

Question: In order, the four stages of clinical infection are: Prodromal, invasion, incubation, convalescent Invasion, incubation, prodromal, convalescent Incubation, prodromal, invasion, convalescent

In order, the four stages of clinical infection are: Prodromal, invasion, incubation, convalescent Invasion, incubation, prodromal, convalescent Incubation, prodromal, invasion, convalescent Correct Answer: Incubation, prodromal, invasion, convalescent

 

Question: An oncogenic viral infection is one during which a virus: Produces reverse transcriptase Induces cancerous tumor formation Does not produce a capsid Produces a chronic infection

An oncogenic viral infection is one during which a virus: Produces reverse transcriptase Induces cancerous tumor formation Does not produce a capsid Produces a chronic infection Correct Answer: Induces cancerous tumor formation

 

Question: Which of the following is an area of the human body where microbes are normally NOT found? Liver Urogenital Tract Skin Blood Both blood and liver Both Urogenital tract and liver

Which of the following is an area of the human body where microbes are normally NOT found? Liver Urogenital Tract Skin Blood Both blood and liver Both Urogenital tract and liver Correct Answer: Both blood and liver

 

Question: The density of microbial cells in the human GI tract is lowest in the ___________, largely due to the _________. Colon/Low pH Stomach/Low pH Colon/High pH Stomach/High pH

The density of microbial cells in the human GI tract is lowest in the ___________, largely due to the _________. Colon/Low pH Stomach/Low pH Colon/High pH Stomach/High pH Correct Answer: Stomach/Low pH

 

Question: Human skin is generally populated by what specialized group of microbes?

Answer Options: A. Acidophiles B. Psychrophiles C. Methanogens D. Halophiles Correct Answer: Acidophiles

 

Question: Which of the following portals of entry for infection is more likely to require the highest infectious dose?

Answer Options: A. Respiratory tract B. Urogenital tract C. Skin D. GI tract Correct Answer: Skin

 

Question: The Iceberg Effect in epidemiology refers to:

Answer Options: A. Getting an infection from bacteria native to icebergs B. The process by which an outbreak becomes a pandemic C. Many more communicable disease infections occur every year than are reported/diagnosed D. When penguins are vectors for zoonotic disease Correct Answer: C. Many more communicable disease infections occur every year than are reported/diagnosed

 

Question: Which family of viruses are least due to an extrachromosomal element that is located in the host’s nucleus?

Answer Options: A. Poxviruses B. Retroviruses C. Herpesviruses D. Hepadnaviruses Correct Answer: A. Poxviruses

 

Question: Which of the following is an example of a retrovirus?

Answer Options: A. Influenza B. HIV C. Cytomegalovirus D. Varicella zoster Correct Answer: B. HIV

 

Question: Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Answer Options: A. very acidic pH — stomach B. lysozyme — tears and saliva C. keratin and tightly packed cells — skin D. mucociliary escalator — intestines E. cerumen and sebum — ear Correct Answer: D. mucociliary escalator — intestines

 

Question: Toxins made of proteins that are secreted by living bacteria into host tissue are:

Answer Options: A. Endotoxins B. Exotoxins C. Nanotoxins D. Capsules E. Molecules Correct Answer: B. Exotoxins

 

Question: What is the function of the Sars CoV-2 spike protein?

Answer Options: A. Hijack host replication machinery B. Destroy host immune cells C. Binding and penetration of virus to host cells D. Budding of new virus particles upon host cell rupture Correct Answer: C. Binding and penetration of virus to host cells

 

Question: 90% of bacteria in the human GI tract are members of the phyla:

Answer Options: A. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria B. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria C. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes D. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria E. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes Correct Answer: C. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes

 

Question: The function of the “ciliary escalator” is to:

Correct Answer: propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the mouth, away from the lower respiratory tract.

 

Question: A dimorphic fungus ___________.

Answer Options: Stains both gram + and gram – Has both pathogenic and non-pathogenic forms Can infect the same patient more than once Has two different growth morphologies depending on the temperature Correct Answer: Has two different growth morphologies depending on the temperature

 

Question: An example of a dimorphic fungus is ___________.

Answer Options: Coccidioides immitis Histoplasma capsulatum Saccharomyces cerevisiae More than one of these answers are correct. None of these answers are correct. Correct Answer: More than one of these answers are correct.

 

Question: A boil is an example of a ______ infection.

Answer Options: Localized Systemic Mixed Focal Correct Answer: Localized

 

Question: Which influenza type has been responsible for global outbreaks of the flu?

Answer Options: Type A Type B Type C All of the options are true Correct Answer: Type A