Question: “I’m not saying Jeff is a bad guy, I’m just saying I wouldn’t let my daughter within 100 feet of him.” This statement employs which of the following rhetorical devices?
Answer Choices:
Hyperbole.
Euphemism.
Answer: Hyperbole.
Question: Buying a paper and then submitting it as your own is:
okay as long as it is well-cited and you only get a copy
fine if you pay a lot of money for it
not a problem if you get the paper from a credible source
plagiarism and never acceptable
Answer: plagiarism and never acceptable
Question: “It is illegal because it’s against the law.” This statement commits which of the following fallacies?
Answer Choices:
Circular reasoning
Non sequitur
Slippery slope
Appeal to pity
None of these
Answer: Circular reasoning
Question: The facts of a case are reported by different news outlets in very different ways. One news outlet makes the president’s actions sound very reasonable, whereas the other makes the president’s actions sound horrible. This is an example of __________.
Answer Choices:
Photo manipulation
Irony
Satire
Spin
Answer: Spin
Question: Which of the following is not a typical misconception about logic?
Answer Choices:
A. It does not need to be learned.
B. It is the systematic study and evaluation of arguments.
C. It is something that only nonhuman animals are capable of.
D. It is too hard.
Answer: B. It is the systematic study and evaluation of arguments.
Question: Claims have the following attribute.
Answer Choices:
They do not claim that something is the case.
They often make commands.
They can be true or false.
They are not necessary to form arguments.
Answer: They can be true or false.
Question: “All bumblebees are smogglewumps” is which type of statement?
Answer Choices:
universal affirmative
universal negative
particular affirmative
particular negative
none of these
Answer: universal affirmative
Question: Suppose that you were deciding what to do for a living. Which of these passages best exemplifies utilitarian reasoning?
Answer Choices:
“I should become a lawyer because that is what my dad did.”
“I should become a lawyer because that will create the most wealth for me and my family.”
“Utilitarians are concerned about producing the most happiness for all concerned, not just to oneself and one’s family.”
“I should become a lawyer because that is the best way that I can improve people’s lives.”
“I should become a lawyer because that way I can enforce the law, which is my duty.”
Answer: “Utilitarians are concerned about producing the most happiness for all concerned, not just to oneself and one’s family.”
Question: Suppose you are deciding whether it is acceptable to pick apples from your neighbor’s tree, without permission, when it appears that your neighbor is never going to eat them. Which of the following would a utilitarian say?
Answer Options:
It is right to take them if doing so will result in greater overall happiness.
Correct picking the fallen/rotting fruit will promote the most happiness. In this case, Utilitarians might result in happiness for your family, with no harm to anyone else.
Taking them would be wrong since you don’t have permission.
You should look up the law in your area to find out if picking unused fruit is legal.
You can pick them only if you know that the neighbor will never find out.
Correct Answer:
It is right to take them if doing so will result in greater overall happiness.
Answer Choices:
It is right to take them if doing so will result in greater overall happiness.
Correct picking the fallen/rotting fruit will promote the most happiness. In this case, Utilitarians might result in happiness for your family, with no harm to anyone else.
Taking them would be wrong since you don’t have permission.
You should look up the law in your area to find out if picking unused fruit is legal.
You can pick them only if you know that the neighbor will never find out.
Answer: It is right to take them if doing so will result in greater overall happiness.
Question: Which of these is a premise of the following argument?I know that Stephen has a lot of money; His parents drive a Mercedes. His dogs wear cashmere sweaters, and he paid cash for his Hummer.
Answer Choices:
Stephen has a lot of money.
His parents drive a Mercedes.
His dogs wear cashmere sweaters.
He paid cash for his Hummer.
Answer: His parents drive a Mercedes.
Question: According to Chapter 1, philosophy is __________.
Answer Choices:
equivalent to logic.
something that does not analyze emotions.
something that not everyone can do.
focused on clarifying ideas.
Answer: focused on clarifying ideas.
Question: Utilitarians say that you should do what?
Answer Choices:
You should follow whatever principle represents absolute duty.
You should focus on actions that minimize pain.
You should focus on actions that maximize overall happiness.
Whichever action is likely to produce the greatest overall happiness.
Answer: Whichever action is likely to produce the greatest overall happiness.
Question: Which of the following is the definition of logic employed by the book With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking?
Answer Choices:
A study of persuasion.
The study of arguments.
The study of how to make critical thinking a part of your life.
The study of arguments as tools for arriving at warranted judgments.
Answer: The study of arguments as tools for arriving at warranted judgments.
Question: A sound argument is __________.
Answer Choices:
a valid argument in which it is impossible to have true premises and a false conclusion.
a valid argument with true premises and a false conclusion.
an argument in which it is possible to have true premises and a true conclusion.
a valid argument with true premises.
all of these.
Answer: a valid argument with true premises.
Question: Evan and Clark are the mall’s only security guards.
The mall’s surveillance system is usually used 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Answer Choices:
Clark is incapable of disabling the mall’s surveillance system.
Both Evan and Clark are capable of disabling the mall’s surveillance system.
Evan and Clark are the mall’s only security guards.
The mall’s surveillance system is usually used 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Answer: Both Evan and Clark are capable of disabling the mall’s surveillance system.
Question: Person 1: “You shouldn’t lie to your kids about the existence of Santa. It will create distrust between you and them.”
Person 2: “People have lied to their kids about Santa for hundreds of years.”
Person 2 commits which of the following fallacies?
Answer Choices:
Red herring
Subjectivist
Appeal to tradition
None of these
Answer: Appeal to tradition
Question: Which of the following is probably the most credible source about a historical event?
Answer Choices:
A political website.
A blog you found on Google.
The statements of a famous politician.
A website affiliated with a university.
None of these.
Answer: A website affiliated with a university.
Question: Which of the following is not one of the reasons given by the authors that language is important?
Answer Choices:
It can improve our sensory abilities like taste.
It is the best means for expressing our thoughts and clarifying ideas.
It can make a difference in our lives if we use it to its optimal form.
It helps to prove our intellectual superiority.
Answer: It helps to prove our intellectual superiority.
Question: The very large increase in allergies over the last thirty years is due to the great success of immunizations administered over this time period. Since immunizations have nearly eliminated life-threatening diseases such as polio, the human immune system increasingly targets other environmental substances in order to keep working properly. Allergy symptoms such as runny noses and itchy eyes result when the immune system attacks pollen that is breathed in from the air.
Answer Choices:
Immunizations often have surprising side effects.
Immunizations have been very successful in eliminating life-threatening diseases.
Viruses that once caused polio now cause allergies.
The use of immunizations has led to an increase in allergies.
Answer: The use of immunizations has led to an increase in allergies.
Question: “John’s argument against physician-assisted suicide is wrong because he has never had to deal with a loved one dying of a terminal disease.” This is an instance of this kind of fallacy.
Answer Choices:
Ad hominem.
Appeal to popular belief or practice.
Appeal to authority.
Slippery slope.
Answer: Ad hominem.
Question: “With our company, you can save up to 15%.” This statement employs which of the following rhetorical devices?
Answer Choices:
Proof surrogate
Euphemism
Hyperbole
Answer: Proof surrogate
Question: Virtue is the middle ground or mean between the extreme points of a continuum of behavior.
Answer Options:
True
False
Correct Answer:
True
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: Which of these is a premise of the following argument?
I know that Stephen has a lot of money. His parents drive a Mercedes. His dogs wear cashmere sweaters, and he paid cash for his Hummer.
Answer Choices:
A. Stephen has a lot of money.
B. His parents drive a Mercedes.
C. His dogs wear cashmere sweaters.
D. He paid cash for his Hummer.
Answer: A. Stephen has a lot of money.