Question: Which of the following is true about combining deductive and inductive reasoning?
Answer Choices:
A. One should never try to combine the two, but should make the best choice of which one to use.
B. If an argument has inductive and deductive elements, then the overall argument is generally deductive.
C. The argument fails to adequately support its conclusion.
D. If an argument has inductive and deductive elements, then the overall argument is generally inductive.
Answer: D. If an argument has inductive and deductive elements, then the overall argument is generally inductive.
Question: The three essential parts of an essay include ______, ______, and ______.
Answer Choices:
conclusion
all three choices
introduction
body
Answer: all three choices
Question: Adding more premises to a valid deductive argument _________.
Answer Choices:
A. can make it go from valid to invalid
B. can make it inductively stronger
C. can make the other premises true
D. cannot make it invalid
Answer: D. cannot make it invalid
Question: _________ is the study of knowledge and learning.
Answer Choices:
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Ethics
Logic
Answer: Epistemology
Question: In the __________ argument, if the first event occurs, then another will follow, and if this happens, then another will follow, and this will be followed by progressively worse outcomes leading to a most undesirable end. This chain of conditional inferences is fallacious only if one or more of the chains is false or implausible, or if the indicated end is neither objectionable nor undesirable.
Answer Choices:
ad hominem
appeal to popular belief or practice
appeal to authority
slippery slope
Answer: slippery slope
Question: You are having a discussion with someone when they state, “Either it is right or it is wrong. It is not wrong. Therefore it is right.” Which argument is being used?
Answer Choices:
Tautology
Modus ponens
Disjunctive syllogism
Modus tollens
Answer: Disjunctive syllogism
Question: Which of the following is not an essential element of an academic argument?
Answer Choices:
A) Claim
B) Opinion
C) Reason
D) Evidence
Answer: B) Opinion
Question: Reasons given to support a conclusion are called _________.
Answer Choices:
pretenses.
prehensile.
premises.
comments.
Answer: premises.
Question: An argument is deductive __________.
Answer Choices:
if it moves from the general to the particular.
if it moves from the particular to the general.
if it presents itself in relation to a hypothesis.
none of these
Answer: if it moves from the general to the particular.
Question: In this form of an argument, one draws a conclusion based on a similarity of the present case to other cases that have something in common with it.
Answer Choices:
A. a prediction
B. a generalization
C. an argument from analogy
D. a crucial argument
Answer: C. an argument from analogy
Question: Inductive arguments _________.
Answer Choices:
A. are arguments in which the premises prove the conclusion
B. have premises that increase the likelihood that the conclusion is true
C. can be valid or invalid
D. represent a smaller number of arguments than deductive arguments
Answer: B. have premises that increase the likelihood that the conclusion is true
Question: “When I once visited Texas, it was hot. So the next time I visit Texas, it will be hot.”
This is an example of a _________.
Answer Choices:
A. strong inductive argument
B. valid inductive argument
C. sound deductive argument
D. weak inductive argument
Answer: D. weak inductive argument
Question: Which of these is a premise of the following argument?I know that Stephen has a lot of money; His parents drive a Mercedes. His dogs wear cashmere sweaters, and he paid cash for his Hummer.
Answer Choices:
Stephen has a lot of money.
His parents drive a Mercedes.
His dogs wear cashmere sweaters.
He paid cash for his Hummer.
Answer: His parents drive a Mercedes.
Question: An argument is deductive _________.
Answer Choices:
A. if it moves from the general to the particular
B. if it moves from the particular to the general
C. if it presents itself in relation to a hypothesis
D. if it presents itself as being valid
Answer: D. if it presents itself as being valid
Question: Which of the following is a claim?
Answer Choices:
Calculate the velocity of the alpha particles.
Did you calculate the velocity of the alpha particles?
Awesome!
Alpha particles are baryons.
Answer: Alpha particles are baryons.
Question: The following is an important part of expressing arguments in standard form.
Answer Choices:
Expressing multiple claims in a single premise.
Being able to paraphrase language to make it clear.
Not separating out premises and conclusions.
Including sentences that are not claims in the standard form.
Answer: Being able to paraphrase language to make it clear.
Question: The support in an argumentative essay _________.
Answer Choices:
A. does not include theories
B. is the main item for which one is arguing in a paper
C. is the problem that one is examining
D. is the reason for accepting one’s premises
Answer: D. is the reason for accepting one’s premises
Question: A recent study of 100 employees from six departments of a major corporation found 65% to be sleep deprived. The researchers concluded that the majority of corporate employees are sleep deprived.
The researcher’s conclusion is suspect because it
Answer Choices:
A. assumes that corporate employees are more sleep deprived than other people
B. is based on evidence that is statistically impossible
C. fails to define the effects the sleep deprivation has
D. relies on a sample that is too small to represent the entire corporate workforce
Answer: D. relies on a sample that is too small to represent the entire corporate workforce
Question: The two parts of an argument are the premise and conclusion.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: A categorical syllogism is __________.
Answer Choices:
any argument with two premises.
a deductive argument with two categorical premises.
an argument with isolated premises.
a categorical argument that is valid.
all of these.
Answer: a deductive argument with two categorical premises.
Question: Identify the form of the following argument.If he were responsible, then he would have shown up on time.
He did not show up on time.
Therefore he is not responsible.
Answer Choices:
modus ponens
modus tollens
disjunctive syllogism
hypothetical syllogism
not a valid form
Answer: modus tollens