Question: Ingrid has a dog at home, so she knows about dogs. As she walks down the street, she sees an animal coming toward her. The animal has four legs, fur, and a tail. Ingrid knows that these are characteristics of dogs, but this animal is meowing, not barking. Sally’s mom tells her that it’s a cat. Now when Sally sees an animal with four legs, a tail, and fur, she will conclude it is a dog if it barks and a cat if it meows, illustrating Piaget’s concept of _____.
Answer Choices:
operations
assimilation
equilibrium
accommodation
Answer: accommodation 23.
Question: What is the only research method that can establish a cause-and-effect relationship?
Answer Choices:
a case study
a survey
an experiment
scientific observation
Answer: an experiment 24.
Question: If a researcher finds a positive correlation between school grades and school attendance, one can conclude that _____.
Answer Choices:
high attendance and high grades occur together
high attendance causes high grades
high attendance rarely means high grades
high grades cause high attendance
Answer: high attendance and high grades occur together 25.
Question: Dr. Seldor conducts a study in which she finds that alcohol consumption is correlated to an increased risk of diabetes. She publishes her results. Dr. Al-Jaher performs the same study using different participants in another nation. Dr. Al-Jaher’s work is an example of _____.
Answer Choices:
scientific controversy
replication
empirical evidence
a hypothesis
Answer: replication 26.
Question: The boss praised his hourly employees for their good work. The boss hopes that the praise encourages the employees to continue to work hard. In this example, the reinforcement is _____.
Answer Choices:
the boss’s praise
the employees’ good work
the boss
an hourly wage
Answer: the boss’s praise 27.
Question: Social learning theory indicates that learning occurs from _____.
Answer Choices:
the association between one stimulus and another
past reinforcement
observing and imitating others
responding to a particular stimulus
Answer: observing and imitating others 28.
Question: The single cell formed from the union of two gametes, a sperm and an ovum, is called a _____.
Answer Choices:
chromosome
phenotype
genotype
zygote
Answer: zygote 29.
Question: To focus on one aspect of a situation and simultaneously exclude all other aspects is called _____.
Answer Choices:
magical thinking
static reasoning
centration
animism
Answer: centration 30.
Question: The characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing changes is called _____.
Answer Choices:
animism
conservation
static reasoning
centration
Answer: static reasoning 31.
Question: Sydney helps her 2-year-old daughter to make hot chocolate. She helps the child to measure teaspoons of cocoa into a cup, add water, stir the contents, and then use the microwave. Sydney is providing _____.
Answer Choices:
scaffolding
overstimulation
conservation skills
the zone of proximal development
Answer: scaffolding 32.
Question: Young children try to construct a reason for the things that they see and hear. This tendency is known as _____.
Answer Choices:
reversibility
focus on appearance
theory-theory
logical reasoning
Answer: theory-theory 33.
Question: “I catched two mouses in a trap” is an example of _____.
Answer Choices:
egocentric speech
overregularization
literal translation
past imperfect tense
Answer: overregularization 34.
Question: Sunnymont Preschool has plenty of opportunities for the children to play dress-up, dance, build with blocks, finger-paint, and be creative. Sunnymont is most likely a _____ program.
Answer Choices:
Vygotsky-based
child-centered
teacher-directed
bilingual
Answer: child-centered 35.
Question: An individual’s genetic inheritance is called a(n) _____.
Answer Choices:
phenotype
allele
genotype
gamete
Answer: genotype 36.
Question: Blake just learned that she is 6 weeks pregnant. Her developing baby is in the _____ period of prenatal development.
Answer Choices:
germinal
embryonic
fetal
second
Answer: embryonic 37.