Question: Which term is NOT associated with Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological-systems approach?
Answer Choices:
Answer: humanism 8.
Question: An individual’s socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her _____.
Answer Choices:
Answer: neighborhood 9.
Question: What is plasticity?
Answer Choices:
Answer: the idea that human traits may change or stay the same over time 10.
Question: A _____ is an explanation of facts and observations defined by a set of concepts and ideas that organize phenomena.
Answer Choices:
Answer: theory 11.
Question: Psychoanalytic theory originated with _____.
Answer Choices:
Answer: Sigmund Freud 12.
Question: Freud’s _____ stage centers on sucking and feeding.
Answer Choices:
Answer: oral 13.
Question: Behaviorism has also been referred to as _____.
Answer Choices:
Answer: learning theory 14.
Question: Pavlov’s experiments with dogs that salivated when they heard a specific noise without the presence of food provide an example of _____.
Answer Choices:
Answer: classical conditioning 15.
Question: Jenny has never seen a pear before today. As her mom hands it to her, she says that it is a fruit. Jenny knows that apples and bananas are fruits and that she likes eating them, so she has a reference for this new experience. Jenny is experiencing _____.
Answer Choices:
Answer: cognitive equilibrium 16.
Question: According to Piaget, restructuring old ideas to include new experiences is called _____.
Answer Choices:
Answer: accommodation 17.
Question: An influential cognitive theory, called _____, is not a stage theory but rather provides a detailed description of the steps of cognition.
Answer Choices:
Answer: information-processing theory 18.
Question: _____ emphasizes unconscious drives and early experiences, whereas _____ emphasizes learning by association, reinforcement, or observation.
Answer Choices:
Answer: Psychoanalytic theory; behaviorism 19.
Question: Within the context of Maslow’s hierarchy, people who lock their windows and doors at night are focused on _____.
Answer Choices:
Answer: safety needs 20.
Question: According to evolutionary theory, why are so many people afraid of snakes?
Answer Choices:
Answer: because a fear of snakes helped our ancestors survive millions of years ago 21.
Question: Scientific observation allows for the _____.
Answer Choices:
Answer: study of individuals’ behaviors in a systematic and objective manner 22.