Question: What should be concluded about the original claim that the new minting process has a population standard deviation less than 0.0410 g?

Answer Options: First dropdown: is not is Second dropdown: support warrant rejection of

Answer: There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the population standard deviation is less than 0.0410 g. 26

Question: What do the minting-process hypothesis-test results suggest about the new process?

Answer Options: First dropdown: appears to be worse than appears to be better does not appear to be significantly better or worse Second dropdown: is is not Third dropdown: do not have a significantly higher variance have a significantly higher variance have a significantly lower variance do not have a significantly lower variance

Answer: The new minting process appears to be better than the old method, since there is evidence that the weights of coins produced by the process have a significantly lower variance. 27

Question: For the pulse-rate test of the claim that men’s pulse rates have a standard deviation equal to 10 bpm, identify the null and alternative hypotheses.

Answer Options: Dropdowns allow equality/inequality and numerical values.

Answer: H 0 ​ :σ=10 H 1 ​ :σ  =10 28

Question: What is the conclusion for the hypothesis test of whether men’s pulse rates have a standard deviation of 10 bpm, and what does it suggest about using the range rule of thumb?

Answer Options: Dropdown choices included: Reject / Accept / Fail to reject is / is not warrant rejection of / support is / is not effective

Answer: Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the standard deviation is 10 bpm. There is significant evidence that using the range rule of thumb with the 60–100 bpm “normal range” is not effective in this case. 29

Question: Which of the following is NOT a requirement for testing a claim about a standard deviation or variance?

Answer Options: A. The population must be skewed to the right. B. The chi-square distribution is used. C. The population has a normal distribution. D. The sample is a simple random sample.

Answer: A. The population must be skewed to the right. 30

Question: In general, what does it mean to “resample” a data set?

Answer Options: A. A sample’s data are modified to conform to a hypothesized property. B. A sample of the same size is randomly selected from the same population as the original sample. C. A smaller sample is selected as a subset of the given sample. D. A sample of the same size is randomly selected from the given sample.

Answer: D. A sample of the same size is randomly selected from the given sample. 31

Question: When resampling, is sampling done with replacement or without replacement, and why?

Answer Options: A. With replacement, because without replacement would always produce the same generated sample and would not be useful. B. Without replacement, because with replacement would always produce the same generated sample. C. Without replacement, because with replacement violates independence. D. With replacement, because without replacement violates independence.

Answer: A. Resampling is done with replacement, since resampling without replacement would always result in the same generated sample, which would not be useful. 32

Question: When testing a claim about a proportion, mean, or standard deviation, what are important advantages of resampling methods over parametric methods? Select all that apply.

Answer Options: A. Resampling simultaneously produces higher power and a lower significance level. B. Resampling is easier when technology is unavailable. C. Unlike parametric methods, resampling methods have no requirements about the underlying distribution of the data. D. Unlike parametric methods, resampling methods have no requirement of a minimum sample size.

Answer: C and D. 33

Question: Which probability statement is NOT true?

Answer Options: A. The probability of an impossible event is 0. B. In a discrete probability model, the sum of probabilities of all outcomes must equal 1. C. The probability of a certain event is 1. D. For any event E, 0<P(E)<1.

Answer: D. For any event E, 0<P(E)<1. The correct general rule is 0≤P(E)≤1. 34

Question: The ______ distribution is used to develop confidence interval estimates of variances or standard deviations.

Answer Options: A. Z-score B. Student’s t C. Chi-square D. Normal

Answer: C. Chi-square 35

Question: For the sample of 15 children’s-movie tobacco-use times, what is a bootstrap sample?

Answer Options: A. 15 sample means, each generated using sampling with replacement B. Fewer than 15 observations selected with replacement C. Fewer than 15 observations selected without replacement D. 15 sample means generated without replacement E. 15 observations from the sample, selected randomly with replacement F. More than 15 observations selected with replacement

Answer: E. 15 of the times in the provided sample, selected randomly with replacement. 36

Question: Express the claim “More than 4.1% of homes have only a landline telephone and no wireless phone” in symbolic form.

Answer Options: Parameter dropdown: p σ μ Relation dropdown: greater than equals less than not equals

Answer: p>0.041 37

Question: A test statistic of z=1.80 is obtained when testing the claim p>0.3. Is the test left-tailed, two-tailed, or right-tailed?

Answer Options: A. Left-tailed B. Two-tailed C. Right-tailed

Answer: C. Right-tailed 38

Question: For z=1.80, p>0.3, and α=0.05, should H 0​be rejected?

Answer Options: Reject H 0 ​ Fail to reject H 0 ​

Answer: Reject H 0 ​ . 39

Question: If a hypothesis test has a P-value of 0.0257 and α=0.05, what conclusion should be made about the null hypothesis?

Answer Options: A. Fail to reject H 0 ​ because P-value ≤α. B. Reject H 0 ​ because P-value >α. C. Reject H 0 ​ because P-value ≤α. D. Fail to reject H 0 ​ because P-value >α.

Answer: C. Reject H 0 ​ because the P-value is less than or equal to α. 40

Question: For the hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have a job is less than 88%, identify the Type I error.

Answer Options: A. Fail to reject the null hypothesis that the percentage is 88% when it is actually less than 88%. B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis that the percentage is less than 88% when it is actually 88%. C. Reject the null hypothesis that the percentage is less than 88% when it actually is less than 88%. D. Reject the null hypothesis that the percentage is equal to 88% when that percentage is actually equal to 88%.

Answer: D. Reject the null hypothesis that the percentage of adults who have a job is equal to 88% when that percentage is actually equal to 88%. 1