Question: Destruction of the __________ appears to prevent contextual fear conditioning.
Answer Choices:
temporal lobe
lateral prefrontal cortex
medial prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
Answer: hippocampus
Question: When the stress response is activated, the __________ triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Answer Choices:
thalamus
anterior pituitary
adrenal medulla
prefrontal cortex
Answer: anterior pituitary
Question: Which of the following auditory pathways aids in the identification of sounds (i.e., “what” as opposed to “where”) and ultimately leads to the prefrontal cortex?
Answer Choices:
Posterior auditory pathway
Medial auditory pathway
Inferior lemniscus pathway
Anterior auditory pathway
Answer: Anterior auditory pathway
Question: Which part of the human brain seems to be the last to reach maturity?
Answer Choices:
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Prefrontal cortex
Sensory cortex
Answer: Prefrontal cortex
Question: Color vision is mediated by
Answer Choices:
rods
cones
the scotopic system
rhodopsin
Answer: cones
Question: An epileptic patient is typing at a keyboard when they suddenly stop, exhibiting a vacant look with fluttering eyelids. They do not go into any convulsions and they have no memory of the event after the fact. Which of the following did they most likely experience?
Answer Choices:
Motor seizure
Induced Fitzgerald seizure
Absence seizure
Tonic-clonic seizure
Answer: Absence seizure
Question: An axon is cut and the region between the incision and cell body begins to die. This process is known as __________ degeneration.
Answer Choices:
Transneuronal
Retrograde
Intersectional
Anterograde
Answer: Anterograde
Question: Axon growth is aided by small cytoplasmic extensions called __________, which sprout from the growth cone and help guide it along the correct path.
Answer Choices:
Filopodia
Retinal ganglion cells
Stem cells
Lewy bodies
Answer: Filopodia
Question: Head trauma can cause the cribriform plate to sever connections between olfactory receptors and the olfactory bulb. This results in
Answer: Anosmia
Question: Rods detect the presence or absence of light through the use of:
Answer Choices:
rhodopsin
gap junctions
ionotropic receptors
trans-membrane hypoxic migration
Answer: rhodopsin
Question: Which of the following is the term for the region of the skin that is innervated by the left and right dorsal roots of a given spinal segment?
Answer Choices:
Dermatome
Reticular formation
Superior colliculus
Basilar membrane
Answer: Dermatome
Question: Which of the following is NOT a layer of the embryonic disk?
Answer Choices:
Dermatome
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Answer: Dermatome
Question: The __________ lobe contains the visual cortex, which plays a key role in processing visual information.
Answer Choices:
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
Answer: occipital
Question: Stacy is highly social and talkative, but has a significantly lower than average IQ (near 60). She loves music and took to playing the piano at a young age, although she has always struggled with reading sheet music. She has a limited attention span and poor spatial abilities. Which of the following diagnoses fit Stacy’s symptoms?
Answer Choices:
Autism spectrum disorder
Williams syndrome
Huntington’s disease
Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Answer: Williams syndrome
Question: Which of the following refers to uncontrolled neuron death, resulting in inflammation and potential damage to neighboring neurons?
Answer Choices:
Necrosis
Neurogenesis
Apoptosis
Mitosis
Answer: Necrosis
Question: Damage to the olfactory bulb would likely result in:
Answer Choices:
Paralysis
Loss of speech
Blindness
Loss of smell
Answer: Loss of smell
Question: Piaget’s experimental observations of perseveration in toddlers are best explained by the fact that they have an underdeveloped __________.
Answer Choices:
Prefrontal cortex
Mesencephalon
Visual cortex
Motor cortex
Answer: Prefrontal cortex
Question: Which of the following structures breaks complex sounds into their component frequencies?
Answer Choices:
The refractory bulb
The glomeruli
The inferior colliculus
The cochlea
Answer: The cochlea
Question: Which of the following tends to transmit pain and temperature information?
Answer Choices:
Dorsal-column medial-lemniscus pathway
Higg’s-Binkley pathway
Anterolateral pathway
Inferior Cerebrothalamic pathway
Answer: Anterolateral pathway