Question: 30-year-old male with galactorrhea, headaches, and peripheral vision blurring. Which area is the source?
Answer Choices:
A. Hypothalamus
B. Prostate Gland
C. Pituitary Gland
D. Adrenal Gland
Answer: C – Pituitary Gland
Question: Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
Answer Choices:
A. Intolerance to heat, tachycardia, and weight loss
B. Oligomenorrhea, fatigue, and warm skin
C. Restlessness, increased appetite, and metrorrhagia
D. Constipation, decreased heart rate, and lethargy
Answer: D – Constipation, decreased heart rate, and lethargy
Question: 70-year-old with 22-year CKD has calcium 12.6 ↑, PTH 100 ↑, calcitriol normal, short QT. Best diagnosis?
Answer Choices:
A. Primary Hyperparathyroidism
B. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
C. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
D. Primary Hypoparathyroidism
Answer: A – Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Question: Which is a non‐modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Answer Choices:
A. Obesity
B. Smoking
C. Age
D. Hyperlipidemia
E. Hypertension
Answer: C – Age
Question: Which fundoscopic finding defines proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Answer Choices:
A. Cotton Wool Spots
B. Microaneurysms
C. Hard Exudates
D. Neovascularization
E. Retinal Hemorrhages
Answer: D – Neovascularization
Question: A 55-year-old male presents with shortness of breath and chest pain after a 12-hour flight; elevated D-dimer; MDCTA pending. Most likely diagnosis?
Answer Choices:
A. Active Tuberculosis
B. Coccidioidomycosis
C. Pulmonary Embolism
D. Asthma Exacerbation
Answer: C – Pulmonary Embolism
Question: In late-stage type II diabetes with β-cell burnout, which hormone imbalance is seen?
Answer Choices:
A. Decrease Glucagon & Decrease Insulin
B. Decrease Insulin & Decrease Amylin
C. Increase Glucagon & Increase Insulin
D. Increase Insulin & Increase Amylin
E. Decrease Gluconeogenesis & Decrease Glycogenolysis
Answer: B – Decrease Insulin & Decrease Amylin
Question: A 60-year-old male with a past medical history of high total cholesterol, high LDL, and low HDL is brought to the emergency room with chest pain that started 4 hours ago, diaphoretic and in acute distress despite nitroglycerin; labs show myoglobin – HIGH, Troponin I – HIGH, CK-MB – HIGH; EKG shows ST-segment elevation. Which of the following is the correct diagnosis?
Answer Choices:
A. STEMI
B. NSTEMI
C. Unstable Angina
D. Stable Angina / Angina Pectoris
Answer: A – STEMI
Question: Obese diabetic woman with Cushing’s symptoms; 24-h urine cortisol ↑. To confirm Cushing’s disease, which pattern?
Answer Choices:
A. Low Aldosterone | Low ACTH
B. Low Aldosterone | High ACTH
C. High Aldosterone | Low ACTH
D. High Aldosterone | High ACTH
Answer: B – Low Aldosterone | High ACTH
Question: Which of the following types of hepatitis may be contracted through blood?
Answer Choices:
A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. Hepatitis A & Hepatitis B
E. Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C
F. Hepatitis A & Hepatitis C
Answer: E – Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C
Question: Graves disease, pituitary-adenoma hypothyroidism, and tertiary hypothyroidism all have in common?
Answer Choices:
A. High TRH levels
B. Decreased T3, T4 levels
C. Increased TSH levels
D. Decreased TSH levels
Answer: D – Decreased TSH levels
Question: Labs show HCO₃ = 34 ↑, pH = 7.28 ↓, PCO₂ = 59 ↑. How to describe the acid/base imbalance?
Answer Choices:
A. Compensated respiratory acidosis with an increased anion gap
B. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap
C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
D. Compensated respiratory acidosis
Answer: D – Compensated respiratory acidosis
Question: A 50-year-old female on furosemide has tingling, muscle spasms; ABG: HCO₃ = 43, pH = 7.54, PCO₂ = 43. Describe the acid‐base state.
Answer Choices:
A. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
B. Compensated respiratory alkalosis
C. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
D. Compensated metabolic acidosis
Answer: A – Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
Question: Manicurist with koilonychia, angular cheilitis, pallor, fatigue. Which nutritional deficiency?
Answer Choices:
A. Hypokalaemia
B. Iron deficiency
C. Folate deficiency
D. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: B – Iron deficiency
Question: SIADH is associated with:
Answer Choices:
A. Decreased serum osmolarity and increased urine osmolarity
B. Increased serum osmolarity and decreased urine osmolarity
C. Increased serum osmolarity and increased urine osmolarity
D. Decreased serum osmolarity and decreased urine osmolarity
Answer: A – Decreased serum osmolarity and increased urine osmolarity
Question: Which electrolyte imbalance causes tetany, positive Chvostek & Trousseau signs, and prolonged QT?
Answer Choices:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B – Hypocalcemia