Question: What is the function of enzymes?

Answer Choices:
To increase activation energy
To function as catalysts
To slow metabolic reactions
To act as reactants in chemical reactions

Answer: B. To function as catalysts

Question: Which of the following best describes adaptive immunity?

Answer Choices:
The body’s barrier defenses, such as mucous membranes and secretions.
The initiation of internal defenses, such as phagocytes and natural killer cells.
A response to specific traits of specific pathogens.
The initiation of the inflammatory response.

Answer: C. A response to specific traits of specific pathogens.

Question: Cellular respiration occurs in three distinct series of reactions. What is the correct order of these reactions?

Answer Choices:
Electron transport chain; glycolysis; citric acid cycle
Glycolysis; citric acid cycle; electron transport chain
Citric acid cycle; glycolysis; electron transport chain
Glycolysis; electron transport chain; citric acid cycle

Answer: B. Glycolysis; citric acid cycle; electron transport chain

Question: Is glycolysis classified as the aerobic or anaerobic phase of cellular respiration?

Answer Choices:
Aerobic
Anaerobic

Answer: B. Anaerobic

Question: Carbon has an atomic number of 6. Which of the following is true about the isotope C-12?

Answer Choices:
C-12 possesses 7 neutrons and 5 electrons in its nucleus.
C-12 possesses 7 protons and 5 neutrons in its nucleus.
C-12 possesses 6 neutrons and 6 protons in its nucleus.
C-12 possesses 6 protons and 6 electrons in its nucleus.

Answer: C. C-12 possesses 6 neutrons and 6 protons in its nucleus.

Question: Which of the following describes why water has a concave, or downward-curving, meniscus when poured in a glass beaker?

Answer Choices:
The adhesive forces with the glass are greater than the cohesive forces.
The cohesive forces with the glass are greater than the adhesive forces.
Glass has a higher density than water.
Water has a higher density than glass.

Answer: A. The adhesive forces with the glass are greater than the cohesive forces.

Question: A nucleolus is composed largely of what two organic compounds?

Answer Choices:
RNA and DNA
RNA and protein
DNA and protein
DNA and lipid

Answer: B. RNA and protein

Question: How are membrane proteins classified?

Answer Choices:
By their position
By their abundance
By their size
By their amino acid diversity

Answer: A. By their position

Question: What are clusters of ribosomes in the cytoplasm called?

Answer Choices:
Polysaccharides
Inclusions
Mitochondria
Polysomes

Answer: D. Polysomes

Question: A ligand would enter a cell using what process?

Answer Choices:
Simple diffusion
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Exocytosis

Answer: B. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question: A student investigating the importance of wavelengths above and below the visible spectrum for photosynthesis sets up an experiment as follows over a 2-month period, all with illumination at 1 meter distance from plants grown with the same soil and watering conditions: 3 Arabidopsis plants exposed to ultraviolet light (UV), 3 Arabidopsis plants exposed to infrared light (IR), 3 Arabidopsis plants exposed to white light. At the end of the experiment, she finds that the IR treated plants are scorched, the UV treated plants have wilted, but the white light-treated plants are growing normally. Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?

Answer Choices:
Three plants do not provide sufficient replications to draw a conclusion.
Wavelength of light is the only variable that has been changed between groups.
The wavelength of light does not affect photosynthesis.
Infrared light contains more energy than the other wavelengths.

Answer: B. Wavelength of light is the only variable that has been changed between groups.

Question: What happens to an enzyme exposed to certain chemicals, heat, extremes of pH, electricity, or radiation?

Answer Choices:
It becomes denatured.
It becomes genetically modified.
It becomes catabolized.
It becomes mutated.

Answer: A. It becomes denatured.

Question: The following diagram summarizes the carbonic acid-bicarbonate ion buffer system of the blood: CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃ ↔ HCO₃⁻ + H⁺. Which of the following equations shows the reaction that takes place when there are excessive protons (H⁺) in the blood?

Answer Choices:
H₂CO₃ → CO₂ + H₂O
HCO₃⁻ + H⁺ → H₂CO₃
H₂CO₃ → HCO₃⁻ + H⁺
CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃

Answer: B. HCO₃⁻ + H⁺ → H₂CO₃

Question: What is the composition of microfilaments?

Answer Choices:
Tube-like structures composed of the protein tubulin.
Helical rods composed of the protein keratin.
Thick strands composed of the protein myosin.
Thin strands composed of the protein actin.

Answer: D. Thin strands composed of the protein actin.