Question: A child is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which findings would the nurse anticipate being present?
Answer Options:
a. Fruity breath odor
b. Slow, weak breathing pattern
c. Deep, labored breathing pattern
d. Blood glucose <100 mg/dL
e. Dehydration
Answer: a. Fruity breath odor, c. Deep, labored breathing pattern, e. Dehydration
Question: A parent has been taking care of her son, who is recovering from an active rubella infection. She is currently pregnant with her second child. The nurse is most concerned about the increased risk of prenatal complications based on what gestational age?
Answer Options:
a. 12 weeks
b. 24 weeks
c. 36 weeks
d. 41 weeks
Answer: a. 12 weeks
Question: A mother brings her 1-year-old child to the pediatric clinic and appears frustrated and stressed. During the assessment, the mother states she tries to give her child exposure to new situations and people several times a week, but the outings always end with the child screaming and crying. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?
Answer Options:
a. “Keep trying; new situations are so stimulating for children.”
b. “Stop taking your child to new places and meeting new people.”
c. “Use an established routine and add new experiences slowly.”
d. “Your child will soon become used to such daily activity.”
Answer: c. “Use an established routine and add new experiences slowly.”
Question: A nurse is caring for a child hospitalized with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which finding indicates treatment has been effective?
Answer Options:
a. No externally visible edema
b. Serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L
c. Dry mucous membranes
d. Urine specific gravity of 1.035
Answer: b. Serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L
Question: The nurse assesses a newborn infant immediately following a routine circumcision procedure. Which pain scale should the nurse select to assess for pain in the newborn?
Answer Options:
a. The Wong-Baker FACES scale
b. The FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale
c. The 1-10 numeric pain scale
d. It is not appropriate to assess for pain in the newborn
Answer: b. The FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale
Question: A child is being discharged from the hospital after a pyloromyotomy. Which discharge instruction does the nurse provide for the parents?
Answer Options:
a. Keep child NPO for 48 hours.
b. Monitor the skin around the colostomy.
c. No pain control should be needed.
d. Report vomiting after 48 hours.
Answer: d. Report vomiting after 48 hours.
Question: A registered nurse is precepting a student during their Pediatrics clinical rotation. The student nurse needs to administer medication to a toddler. What action by the student nurse would warrant intervention and additional guidance from the preceptor?
Answer Options:
a. The student allows the toddler to negotiate a “reward” for taking the medicine
b. The student allows the parent of the toddler to give the medication
c. The student immediately praises the toddler after taking the medicine
d. The student allows the toddler to self-administer the medicine
Answer: d. The student allows the toddler to self-administer the medicine
Question: A nurse is assessing a 6-year-old child in the clinic with an umbilical hernia. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
Answer Options:
a. “The hernia will most likely resolve on its own.”
b. “The hernia will reduce with moist heat and massage.”
c. “This happened as a result of a birth injury.”
d. “Surgery will be required to correct the hernia.”
Answer: a. “The hernia will most likely resolve on its own.”
Question: A nurse is assessing a toddler at a well-child visit. Which findings should the nurse expect to see as it relates to the respiratory system?
Answer Options:
a. “Thoracic breathing pattern.”
b. “Abdominal breathing pattern.”
c. “No adventitious lung sounds on auscultation.”
d. “Intercostal retractions noted.”
e. “Respiratory rate of 58 breaths per minute.”
Answer: b. “Abdominal breathing pattern,” c. “No adventitious lung sounds on auscultation.”
Question: The pediatric nurse is examining a newborn infant and notes a turning in of the foot and turning out of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
Answer Options:
a. Ask the newborn’s mother about any family history of developmental disorders.
b. Check the infant’s blood sugar immediately.
c. Explain to the newborn’s parents that this is an expected finding.
d. Notify the on-call pediatrician of the finding.
Answer: c. Explain to the newborn’s parents that this is an expected finding.
Question: A child is receiving inpatient treatment for acute diarrhea. Which assessment finding from the nurse would warrant further intervention?
Answer Options:
a. Hyperactive bowel sounds
b. Capillary refill time <3 seconds
c. Weight loss of 2 kilograms in 24 hours
d. Child washes hands with soap and water
Answer: c. Weight loss of 2 kilograms in 24 hours
Question: A nurse is examining a child diagnosed with congenital heart disease. Which clinical finding would correlate with this diagnosis upon assessment?
Answer Options:
a. Yellow coloring of the sclera
b. Clubbed fingernails
c. Fruity breath odor
d. Hypoventilation
Answer: b. Clubbed fingernails
Question: The nurse is providing education on pertussis to a father whose child has just been diagnosed with the disease. Which statement made by the father indicates that teaching has been effective?
Answer Options:
a. “My child will need to remain on bedrest until their cough resolves.”
b. “Because my child received their DTaP vaccines, the illness may not be as severe.”
c. “There is no risk of using corticosteroids to treat the illness.”
d. “My child’s couch will last for up to two weeks.”
Answer: b. “Because my child received their DTaP vaccines, the illness may not be as severe.”
Question: The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 12-year-old child with a disability. Which of the following strategies should the nurse take when caring for the patient?
Answer Options:
a. Maintain a respectful attitude towards the child and their caregivers.
b. Incorporate the child’s wishes in the plan of care when appropriate.
c. Rely on the child’s caregivers for all communication with the child.
d. Recognize signs of regression in the child’s behavior as normal occurrences due to the stress of hospitalization.
e. Evaluate the need for arranging respite care for the child’s caregivers.
Answer: a. Maintain a respectful attitude towards the child and their caregivers, b. Incorporate the child’s wishes in the plan of care when appropriate, d. Recognize signs of regression in the child’s behavior as normal occurrences due to the stress of hospitalization, e. Evaluate the need for arranging respite care for the child’s caregivers.
Question: A school nurse is meeting with the parents of a 9-year-old child diagnosed with asthma. The parents report their child uses an inhaler three times per week for relief of symptoms. Based on this information, the nurse expects the child’s diagnosis to align with which category of asthma severity?
Answer Options:
a. Intermittent
b. Mild Persistent
c. Moderate Persistent
d. Severe Persistent
Answer: b. Mild Persistent
Question: A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 5-month-old baby. Which recommendations are most appropriate by the nurse to these parents?
Answer Options:
a. Encourage transitioning from breast milk to cow’s milk.
b. Encourage supervised “tummy time” to increase neck strength.
c. Encourage interactive games, such as patty-cake or peek-a-boo.
d. Encourage transitioning from a rear- to forward-facing car seat
e. Encourage the parents to childproof all cabinets immediately.
Answer: b. Encourage supervised “tummy time” to increase neck strength, c. Encourage interactive games, such as patty-cake or peek-a-boo, e. Encourage the parents to childproof all cabinets immediately.
Question: A mother brings her baby to the emergency department stating that the baby no longer makes tears when crying but is having multiple soaked diapers per day. Which assessment by the nurse takes priority?
Answer Options:
a. Last bowel movement
b. Palpation of fontanels
c. Prenatal history
d. Time of last meal
Answer: b. Palpation of fontanels
Question: A hospitalized child develops portal hypertension and presents with 3+ pitting edema and ascites. The nurse suspects that the underlying problem is attributed to which clinical diagnosis?
Answer Options:
a. Renal failure
b. Pneumonia
c. Epistaxis
d. Liver failure
Answer: d. Liver failure
Question: The nurse is assessing a 10-month-old baby in the pediatric clinic. Which clinical finding would lead the nurse to suspect the infant is dehydrated, warranting further evaluation?
Answer Options:
a. The infant’s anterior fontanelle feels depressed upon palpation
b. The infant’s posterior fontanelle feels depressed upon palpation
c. The child’s skin temporarily blanches in response to gentle pressure applied
d. The child’s skin retracts to its normal position when gently pulled and released
Answer: a. The infant’s anterior fontanelle feels depressed upon palpation
Question: A nursing instructor is evaluating a nursing student on the placement of a nasogastric tube on a pediatric patient. Which findings indicate incorrect procedure, warranting intervention from the nurse?
Answer Options:
a. The student applies gloves following hand hygiene
b. The student verifies tube length from mouth to earlobe
c. The student auscultates over the stomach following insertion of air
d. The student attempts to use their dominant hand to insert
e. The student lubricates the tip of the tube with petroleum jelly
Answer: c. The student auscultates over the stomach following insertion of air, e. The student lubricates the tip of the tube with petroleum jelly
Question: A nurse is assessing a school-age child admitted with new heart murmur, arthritis-type symptoms, erythema marginatum, and fever. When taking the child’s history, which question is most likely to provide important information?
Answer Options:
a. “Did your child have any vaccinations recently?”
b. “Is your child taking any antibiotics?”
c. “Has your child had a sore throat in the last 2 to 3 weeks?”
d. “Is there a family history of autoimmune disorders?”
Answer: c. “Has your child had a sore throat in the last 2 to 3 weeks?”
Question: The clinic nurse is reviewing laboratory results for an adolescent that reveals atypical lymphocytes with an increase in monocytes. What clinical diagnosis should the nurse suspect?
Answer Options:
a. Mononucleosis
b. Coryza
c. Upper Respiratory infection
d. Sinusitis
Answer: a. Mononucleosis
Question: A nurse is monitoring a toddler who has moderate persistent asthma. Which findings should the nurse anticipate being present on the patient’s medical history?
Answer Options:
a. “Presents with daily symptoms.”
b. “Experiences night awakenings once per week.”
c. “Uses prescribed medications three days per week.”
d. “Symptoms do not impact ADLs.”
e. “Doesn’t require any prescribed medication for treatment.”
Answer: a. “Presents with daily symptoms.”, b. “Experiences night awakenings more than once per week.”, c. “Uses prescribed medications daily.”
Question: A mother brings her infant child in to the pediatric clinic. The child is diagnosed with a thrush infection. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
Answer Options:
a. Inform the mother she will need to discontinue breastfeeding
b. Instruct the mother to dispose of all contaminated pacifiers, bottles, and toys.
c. Teach the mother to rinse the child’s mouth with water after feedings.
d. Reassure the mother that the infection cannot be passed on.
Answer: b. Instruct the mother to dispose of all contaminated pacifiers, bottles, and toys.
Question: A clinic nurse assesses children for signs of failure to thrive (FTT). Which child’s assessment finding is most concerning to this nurse?
Answer Options:
a. Child’s parent asking questions about feeding
b. Mother demonstrating improper burping technique
c. Weight for age and sex at the 4th percentile
d. Weight for length at 86% of ideal weight
Answer: c. Weight for age and sex at the 4th percentile
Question: In which way are eukaryotes different than bacteria and archaea?
Answer Options:
Contain a cell wall, Contain a nucleoid region to hold DNA, Contain a nucleus to hold DNA, Contain membrane-bound organelles
Answer: Contain a nucleus to hold DNA