Question: Match the following variables to their respective scales of measurement.
Answer Choices:
Eye color (brown, blue, green)
Positions in a race (first place, second place, third place)
Temperature in Celsius
Cancer Survival Times (measured in number of months)
nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio
Answer: Eye color (brown, blue, green) – nominal
Positions in a race (first place, second place, third place) – ordinal
Temperature in Celsius – interval
Cancer Survival Times (measured in number of months) – ratio
Question: Twenty customers from a multinational chain were polled in a marketing survey and asked, “How often do you visit this store in a typical week?” Based on their responses, the researcher concludes that the typical customer visits the store at least 2 times per week. The statistical method employed by the researcher to estimate how often a typical customer visits the store per week is:
Answer Choices:
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
sample statistics
population statistics
Answer: inferential statistics
Question: A researcher recorded the sociability levels of the 5 children in a family and concluded that the average sociability level of the children in the family is 8.7 points on a scale from 0 to 10. In this example, the average of 8.7 points is an illustration of a __________.
Answer Choices:
population
sample
parameter
statistic
Answer: statistic
Question: A school psychologist randomly selects the records of 50 students from a large high school and determines that the average grade in the math class is 89. However, the following day, the school psychologist gains access to the grades of all the high school students and finds that the average grade in the math class is 87. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this inconsistency?
Answer Choices:
sample error
systematic error
systematic difference
population error
Answer: sample error
Question: A psychologist aims to study the well-being levels of individuals from collectivist cultures compared to those from individualist cultures. In this example, the type of culture (individualist vs collectivist) is an example of:
Answer Choices:
dependent variable
quasi-independent variable
independent variable
quasi-dependent variable
Answer: independent variable
Question: Stress is an example of a/an ______________ while the scores obtained in the “Perceived Stress Scale” is an example of a/an ______________.
Answer Choices:
construct / hypothetical construct
operational variable / hypothetical construct
construct; operational variable
operational variable; construct
Answer: construct / hypothetical construct
Question: Reaction time measured in seconds
Answer Choices:
interval, continuous
interval, discrete
ratio, continuous
Answer: ratio, continuous
Question: A psychologist intends to investigate the impact of classical music on creativity levels in a class of 40 elementary students. The psychologist selects a sample of 20 children and, as an initial step, assesses their creativity levels. The findings show that these 20 students have a median score of 8 points on a creativity scale. This situation exemplifies:
Answer Choices:
quasi-experimental research
experimental research
descriptive research
correlational research
Answer: descriptive research
Question: A psychologist aims to study the well-being levels of individuals from collectivist cultures compared to those from individualist cultures. This is an example of:
Answer Choices:
correlational research
descriptive research
quasi-experimental research
experimental research
Answer: quasi-experimental research
Question: The duration, measured in days, between the initial onset of a specific illness and the patient recovery was documented for a group of 20 patients. Please find the scores below. Construct a grouped frequency distribution table, include the columns for proportions for each class, percentages, cumulative frequency, and cumulative percentage. Ensure that your table is clear and consists of only 5 class intervals, each with a width of 40, starting from 1. 8, 11, 52, 57, 65, 87, 93, 97, 109, 119, 127, 133, 139, 142, 144, 147, 148, 157, 162, 165 From the grouped frequency distribution table you created for the recovery time scores of patients, what percentage of patients recovered in 80 days or fewer?
Answer Choices:
25%
15%
10%
40%
Answer: 10%
Question: Based on the recovery time scores of patients, what graph should you use to present your data?
Answer Choices:
histogram
bar graph
stem and leaf
pie chart
Answer: histogram
Question: Based on the grouped frequency distribution table you created for the recovery time scores of patients: What is the minimum number of days it took for a patient to recover?
Answer Choices:
8
10
Cannot be determined
2
Answer: Cannot be determined
Question: Graph your data using the appropriate graph. Based on the shape of your frequency distribution from your graph, describe the shape of your distribution: To receive credit for this question, please ensure that you submit your graph in the “Calculations Exam 1” document.
Answer Choices:
bimodal distribution
normal distribution
positively skewed distribution
negatively skewed distribution
Answer: positively skewed distribution
Question: Considering the calculated standard deviations, which podcast do you think has more potential to attract diverse sponsors?
Answer Choices:
Neither of the two
Comedy
Both options are equally viable
Answer: Comedy
Question: A distribution of scores shows the mode = 5, the median = 7, and the mean = 9. This distribution is probably _______.
Answer Choices:
symmetrical
bimodal
positively skewed
negatively skewed
Answer: negatively skewed
Question: In a survey to determine the monthly income of employees in an office, the results are as follows: 4,000, 3,500, 4,200, 4,500, 20,000. Calculate the mean, median, and mode of the data, and indicate which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for this dataset.
Answer Choices:
All of the above
Mean
Mode
Median
Answer: Median
Question: Why is it necessary to make a correction to the formulas for variance and standard deviation when computing these statistics for a sample?
Answer Choices:
It simplifies the calculation process for easier computation.
The sample size is decreased as a result.
It takes into account the data’s outliers.
It corrects bias and accounts for degrees of freedom.
Answer: It corrects bias and accounts for degrees of freedom.
Question: If a dataset has a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 9, how would you describe its general appearance?
Answer Choices:
Data is tightly clustered around 10.
Data is skewed to the left.
Data is widely spread with a mean of 10.
Data is skewed to the right.
Answer: Data is widely spread with a mean of 10.
Question: You’re a researcher conducting a fitness study and tracking the number of minutes participants spend in the gym per session. 1) You’ve collected the following scores: 55, 40, 50, 45, 240. Which measure of central tendency should you employ to understand the typical time spent in the gym?
Answer Choices:
Mean
Median
Mode
All of the above
Answer: Median