Question: A similar screening test was developed and evaluated on a similar population, and found to have a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 97%, with 63% positive predictive value and 99% negative predictive value. Pick the correct interpretations of these results.

Answer Options:
Students with anorexia have a 63% chance of testing positive while students without anorexia have a 97% chance of testing negative.
Students who test positive have a 63% chance of having disease, while students who test negative have a 99% chance of not having disease.
The screening test is more likely to rule out students who don’t have anorexia than it is to identify students who actually do have the disease.
A and B only
All of the above

Answer: A and B only

Question: BCG vaccine is not used for TB prevention in the United States because:

Answer Options:
It sometimes an individual from being PPD negative to positive, making it impossible to determine who was exposed and should get prophylactic treatment.
It sometimes an individual from being PPD positive to negative, and thus cannot identify who should be treated.
It is not sufficiently efficacious at preventing the disease.

Answer: It sometimes an individual from being PPD negative to positive, making it impossible to determine who was exposed and should get prophylactic treatment.

Question: More than 90 percent of all deaths from tuberculosis are from:

Answer Options:
Meningeal tuberculosis
Tuberculosis of the lymph nodes
Tuberculous enteritis
Pulmonary tuberculosis

Answer: Pulmonary tuberculosis

Question: Workforce, and/or school absenteeism data always provide a comprehensive and representative picture of the health status of the entire United States population.

Answer Options:
True
False

Answer: False

Question: The search for cause led to a race between American Robert Gallo’s laboratory at NIH and that of Francoise Barre-Sinoussi’s laboratory at the Pasteur Institute in France.

Answer Options:
True
False

Answer: True

Question: Cervical cancer screening by vaginal smear eventually became a widely accepted practice because:

Answer Options:
Papanicolaou and Stockard published the results of their research in the prestigious journal, American Journal of Anatomy in 1917.
Papanicolaou’s presentation at the Conference in Battle Creek was widely accepted as a sure way to detect disease.
Papanicolaou found that guinea pig oocytes could be used to determine the menstrual cycle.
Papanicolaou demonstrated that many asymptomatic cancers could be detected at an earlier stage by vaginal smear than by biopsy.

Answer: Papanicolaou demonstrated that many asymptomatic cancers could be detected at an earlier stage by vaginal smear than by biopsy.

Question: What percent of all pregnancies worldwide does the United Nations estimate end in abortions?

Answer Options:
5 percent
20 percent
30 percent
10 percent

Answer: 20 percent

Question: According to the United Nations, how many women and girls are subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM) each year?

Answer Options:
100 to 140 million.
None of these.
200 to 300 thousand.
2 to 3 million.
5 million.

Answer: 2 to 3 million

Question: Active surveillance:

Answer Options:
A. Relies completely upon reports from physicians and labs.
B. Requires that public health workers initiate and undertake regular, periodic collection of health data in order to monitor the population for the occurrence of the health concern.
C. Is often combined with passive surveillance techniques in actual practice in many health departments.
B and C only
All of the above

Answer: B and C only

Question: Synthesizing estrogen and progesterone was problematic for drug companies, slowing the initial development of hormonal contraceptives. The problem was solved with the innovative use of:

Answer Options:
Avocado pits
Yams from Mexico
Plasma from pregnant horses
Exotic polymers of plastic

Answer: Yams from Mexico

Question: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is part of the National Health Survey, and uses physical and lab-based measures to gather baseline health information not otherwise available for the U.S. population.

Answer Options:
True
False

Answer: True

Question: Death certificates:

Answer Options:
A. Are used to gather death data for our National Vital Statistics.
B. May contain some incomplete or inaccurate data.
C. May use disease codes that can change over time.
A and C only
All of the above

Answer: All of the above

Question: The AIDS epidemic first emerged among homosexuals who presented as a cluster of cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in Los Angeles and Pneumocystis carinii/pneumocystis (PCP) in New York City.

Answer Options:
True
False

Answer: True

Question: Which of the following conditions require both parents to carry the gene (a recessive trait) for a congenital anomaly to manifest?

Answer Options:
Sickle cell anemia, polydactyly, and cleft lip.
Cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and Down syndrome.
Sickle cell anemia, Down syndrome, and Tay-Sachs disease.
Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis.

Answer: Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis.

Question: HIV/AIDS was ignored by:

Answer Options:
President Ronald Reagan’s administration
President Bill Clinton’s administration
President George H. W. Bush’s administration
President George W. Bush’s administration
President Jimmy Carter’s administration

Answer: President Ronald Reagan’s administration

Question: The cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is:

Answer Options:
Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)
Lymphadenopathy virus (LAV)
Gaétan Dugas

Answer: Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)