Question: For Adler, feelings of inferiority can act either as a ____ or as a ____, depending on one’s attitude toward them.
Answer Choices:
A. stimulus for positive growth; a disabling force
B. source of depression; a force for anger
C. source of disengagement; a source of humility
D. source of anxiety; a force for motivation
Answer: A – stimulus for positive growth; a disabling force
Question: Adler departed from Freudian theory with his concept of ____, in which he claimed that humans did not need to be victims of their past, their environment, or their biological inheritance.
Answer Choices:
A. lifestyle
B. social interest
C. creative self
D. overcompensation
Answer: C – creative self
Question: Of all human relationships, Karen Horney believed the relationship between ____ to be the most important.
Answer Choices:
A. brother and sister
B. husband and wife
C. friends
D. parent and child
Answer: D – parent and child
Question: Karen Horney believed that women often feel inferior to men because:
Answer Choices:
A. women are physically inferior to men
B. of penis envy
C. women are culturally inferior to men
D. anatomy is destiny
Answer: C – women are culturally inferior to men
Question: According to the third-force psychologists, behaviorism neglected ____ and psychoanalysis focused on ____.
Answer Choices:
A. rational thought; external forces
B. moral consciousness; the role of memory
C. the uniqueness of humans; the abnormal
D. objective reality; subjective reality
Answer: C – the uniqueness of humans; the abnormal
Question: Third-force psychology contrasts with most other types of psychology because:
Answer Choices:
A. it assumes determinism in explaining behavior
B. it assumes people are not free to choose their own type of existence
C. it proposes that the most important cause of behavior is subjective reality
D. it proposes that the most important cause of behavior is objective reality
Answer: C – it proposes that the most important cause of behavior is subjective reality
Question: In order for psychology to qualify as humanistic, it must:
Answer Choices:
A. study things of concern to humans
B. seek to improve the human condition
C. emphasize the uniqueness of humans
D. accept the continuity between human and nonhuman animals
Answer: C – emphasize the uniqueness of humans
Question: Traditionally, the beginning of existential psychology is marked with the writings of:
Answer Choices:
A. May and Nietzsche
B. Kierkegaard and Husserl
C. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche
Answer: C – Kierkegaard and Nietzsche
Question: According to Heidegger, to live an authentic life, one must first:
Answer Choices:
A. realize that one’s life is finite
B. recognize the continuity between humans and nonhuman animals
C. realize that although the body dies, the soul continues to live
D. be willing to accept the mores of one’s society
Answer: A – realize that one’s life is finite
Question: Most existentialists accept Nietzsche’s proclamation:
Answer Choices:
A. truth is subjectivity
B. an unexamined life is not worth living
C. to be is to be perceived
D. what does not kill me, makes me stronger
Answer: D – what does not kill me, makes me stronger
Question: When a person accepts values dictated by society (not those personally attained) as their own, he or she is experiencing:
Answer Choices:
A. the human dilemma
B. a life of social meaning
C. constructive alternativism
D. self-alienation
Answer: D – self-alienation
Question: According to Kelly, the goal of psychotherapy is to help the client:
Answer Choices:
A. overcome inhibitions
B. experience unconditional positive regard
C. get in touch with himself or herself
D. view things differently
Answer: D – view things differently
Question: The French philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre was most interested in:
Answer Choices:
A. truth is subjectivity
B. a life of social meaning
C. an unexamined life is not worth living
D. self-alienation
Answer: A – truth is subjectivity
Question: Which is a characteristic of a self-actualizing person?
Answer Choices:
A. They do not let reality distort their perceptions.
B. They have a high need for success.
C. They have many friends and acquaintances.
D. They are creative.
Answer: D – They are creative.
Question: According to Rogers, what is said to exist when the relevant people in a child’s life give him or her love and acceptance under some circumstances but not under others only if one acts or thinks in certain ways?
Answer Choices:
A. conditions of worth
B. the need for positive regard
C. unconditional positive regard
D. the organismic valuing process
Answer: A – conditions of worth
Question: Rogers believed that any relationship conducive to personal growth must be characterized by which of the following?
Answer Choices:
A. autonomy
B. self-actualization
C. conditions of worth
D. empathic understanding
Answer: D – empathic understanding
Question: Which of the following statements is accepted by both existential and humanistic psychology?
Answer Choices:
A. Humans are victims of circumstance and are not fully responsible for their actions.
B. Elementarism of any type gives a distorted view of humans.
C. Studying nonhuman animals reveals a primitive truth about humans.
D. Humans are basically good and live in peace and harmony unless forced to do otherwise.
Answer: B – Elementarism of any type gives a distorted view of humans.
Question: According to Erich Fromm, the first thing many individuals do when they discover their freedom is to:
Answer Choices:
A. seek other free people
B. attempt to free others
C. escape from that freedom
D. live authentic lives
Answer: C – escape from that freedom
Question: Humanistic psychologists:
Answer Choices:
A. reject the prediction and control of human behavior as psychology’s goal
B. see the methods of physical science as important for the study of humans
C. believe that the poetic, romantic, and spiritual aspects of humans cannot be studied through objective science
D. argue that understanding human behavior is an aspect of psychology
Answer: A – reject the prediction and control of human behavior as psychology’s goal
Question: The attempt to explain psychological phenomena in terms of their biological foundations is called:
Answer Choices:
A. psychobiology
B. connectionism
C. cybernetics
D. information theory
Answer: A – psychobiology