Question: If a portion of a strand of DNA bases reads 5′ AGCTAGCGT 3′, what would the sequence of bases on the complementary strand read?
Answer Options:
5′ TCGUTCGCU 3′
5′ UCGAUCGCA 3′
3′ AGCTAGCGT 5′
3′ TCGATCGCA 5′
Answer: 3′ TCGATCGCA 5′
Question: Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer Options:
Endoplasmic reticulum
Chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
Cell membrane
Answer: Cell membrane
Question: Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?
Answer Options:
Diffusion down a concentration gradient
Conversion to carbon monoxide
Passive transport using carrier proteins
Active transport using energy
Answer: Diffusion down a concentration gradient
Question: Which of the following is a part of the pulmonary circuit?
Answer Options:
Bronchial artery
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Answer: Pulmonary vein
Question: Carbohydrates are composed of which of the following?
Answer Options:
Nucleic acids
Amino acids
Isoprenoids
Monosaccharides
Answer: Monosaccharides
Question: Which of the following units is used to indicate mass?
Answer Options:
mL
mg
cm³
µm
Answer: mg
Question: Histones are proteins associated with which of the following?
Answer Options:
Sperm cells
DNA
Hair follicles
Blood
Answer: DNA
Question: Which of the following statements about COVID-19 vaccine initiation is supported by the data in the chart below?
Answer Options:
The cumulative total for January is around 13 million.
The daily rate for December 29 and January 5 are similar.
The cumulative total fell by 2 million between January 9 and January 10.
The highest daily rate occurred in December.
Answer: The cumulative total for January is around 13 million.
Question: Which of the following layers of skin contains glands and hair follicles?
Answer Options:
Hypodermis
Stratum corneum
Dermis
Stratum lucidum
Answer: Dermis
Question: Which of the following describes the function of tendons?
Answer Options:
Tendons attach skeletal muscles to ligaments.
Tendons attach bones to ligaments.
Tendons attach two bones.
Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bone.
Answer: Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bone.
Question: In the image above, identical genes (A and B) flank the tetⁿ gene on Plasmid 1 and the ampⁿ gene on Plasmid 2. If these two plasmids successfully exchange genes between regions A and B, which of the following gene combinations is possible on the same plasmid?
Answer Options:
chlⁿ + tetⁿ
kanⁿ + ampⁿ
chlⁿ + kanⁿ
kanⁿ + tetⁿ
Answer: kanⁿ + ampⁿ
Question: Which of the following actions does a hydrophilic hormone take to activate a target cell?
Answer Options:
The hormone binds to cell-surface receptors of the target cell.
The hormone enters a target cell through a transport protein.
The hormone passes through the plasma membrane of the target cell.
The hormone binds to a cytosolic receptor in the target cell.
Answer: The hormone binds to cell-surface receptors of the target cell.
Question: Which of the following is a weakness of a correlational study?
Answer Options:
Cannot determine causation
Inability to control independent variables
Cannot be replicated
Too many variables to control
Answer: Cannot determine causation
Question: During muscle contraction, myosin is directly responsible for which of the following?
Answer Options:
Forming cross bridges with actin molecules
Binding to troponin molecules
Initiating an action potential along the sarcolemma
Releasing calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Answer: Forming cross bridges with actin molecules
Question: Which of the following vessels is responsible for carrying blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart?
Answer Options:
Aorta
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Superior vena cava
Answer: Superior vena cava
Question: Which of the following body systems develops from the same origin tissues as the lungs?
Answer Options:
Gastrointestinal system
Neuromuscular system
Musculoskeletal system
Genitourinary system
Answer: Gastrointestinal system
Question: A researcher is gathering large amounts of data about patients who have a common disease and the effectiveness of various medications in comparison to a placebo. Which of the following types of graphs is the best way for the researcher to present the data?
Answer Options:
Flow chart
Line graph
Bar graph
Pie chart
Answer: Bar graph
Question: Parasitic worm infestation is hypothesized to be damaging to the host. However, scientists have recently discovered that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders. In which of the following ways should the hypothesis be modified, given the new findings?
Answer Options:
Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders.
Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.
Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction.
Worm infestations exacerbate the body’s immune reactions.
Answer: Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.
Question: Which of the following statements correctly describes the change in coat coloring of an Arctic fox from brown in summer to white in winter?
Answer Options:
The fox’s genotype changes, but the phenotype does not.
The fox’s phenotype changes, but the genotype does not.
Neither the phenotype nor the genotype of the fox changes.
Both the phenotype and genotype of the fox change.
Answer: The fox’s phenotype changes, but the genotype does not.
Question: Permanent damage to which of the following types of tissue in the spinal cord will cause paralysis?
Answer Options:
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Bone tissue
Nervous tissue
Answer: Nervous tissue