Question: The first clinical trial to show efficacy at treating TB among humans was for:
Answer Choices:
Sulfonamide drugs
Fresh air at the Adirondacks Cottage Sanitarium
Streptomycin
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine
Answer: Streptomycin
Question: The International Tuberculosis Campaign:
Answer Choices:
Pioneered the health education technique of “each one teach one”
Produced research findings from mass vaccination campaigns in widely disparate geographic areas and cultures
Developed practical methods of comparing vaccines produced in different laboratories and determining the effects of duration and temperature on vaccine storage
All of these
Answer: All of these
Question: The AIDS epidemic first emerged among homosexuals who presented as a cluster of cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in Los Angeles and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in New York City.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: HIV/AIDS was ignored by:
Answer Choices:
President Ronald Reagan’s administration
President Bill Clinton’s administration
President George H. W. Bush’s administration
President George W. Bush’s administration
President Jimmy Carter’s administration
Answer: President Ronald Reagan’s administration
Question: More than 90 percent of all deaths from tuberculosis are from:
Answer Choices:
Meningeal tuberculosis
Tuberculosis of the lymph nodes
Tuberculous enteritis
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Answer: Pulmonary tuberculosis
Question: What percent of all pregnancies worldwide does the United Nations estimate end in abortions?
Answer Choices:
5 percent
20 percent
30 percent
10 percent
Answer: 20 percent
Question: The search for cause led to a race between American Robert Gallo’s laboratory at NIH and that of Françoise Barré-Sinoussi’s laboratory at the Pasteur Institute in France.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: According to the United Nations, how many women and girls are subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM) each year?
Answer Choices:
100 to 140 million
None of these
200 to 300 thousand
2 to 3 million
5 million
Answer: 2 to 3 million
Question: BCG vaccine is not used for TB prevention in the United States because:
Answer Choices:
It is not safe to use in children.
It converts an individual from being PPD negative to positive, making it impossible to determine who was exposed and should get prophylactic treatment.
It converts an individual from being PPD positive to negative, and thus cannot identify who should be treated.
It is not sufficiently efficacious at preventing the disease.
Answer: It converts an individual from being PPD negative to positive, making it impossible to determine who was exposed and should get prophylactic treatment.
Question: Which of the following conditions require both parents to carry the gene (a recessive trait) for a congenital anomaly to manifest?
Answer Choices:
Sickle cell anemia, polydactyly, and cleft lip
Cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and Down syndrome
Sickle cell anemia, Down syndrome, and Tay-Sachs disease
Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis
Answer: Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis
Question: Synthesizing estrogen and progesterone was problematic for drug companies, slowing the initial development of hormonal contraceptives. The problem was solved with the innovative use of:
Answer Choices:
Avocado pits
Yams from Mexico
Plasma from pregnant horses
Exotic polymers of plastic
Answer: Yams from Mexico
Question: The cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is:
Answer Choices:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type I (HTLV-I)
Lymphadenopathy virus (LAV)
Gaétan Dugas
Answer: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Question: The first drug to be shown to prolong the life of persons with HIV was:
Answer Choices:
AZT
HAART
Pneumocystis vaccine
None of these
Answer: AZT
Question: Save the Children listed the top three places to become a mother in 2000 as:
Answer Choices:
Sweden, Norway, and Iceland
Yemen, Chad, and Niger
Sweden, the United States, and Canada
Sweden, Denmark, and the United States
Answer: Sweden, Norway, and Iceland
Question: Cervical cancer screening by vaginal smear eventually became a widely accepted practice because:
Answer Choices:
Papanicolaou and Stockard published the results in a prestigious journal.
Papanicolaou’s presentation at the Conference in Battle Creek was widely accepted.
Papanicolaou found guinea pig oocytes could be used to determine the menstrual cycle.
Papanicolaou demonstrated that many asymptomatic cancers could be detected earlier by vaginal smear than by biopsy.
Answer: Papanicolaou demonstrated that many asymptomatic cancers could be detected earlier by vaginal smear than by biopsy.
Question: Violence against women is widespread, but not universal. The ecological model used by researchers to explain the phenomenon includes:
Answer Choices:
Ten concentric and interdependent circles
Fear of STIs and HIV
Personal, situational, and socio-cultural factors
Fetal and neonatal outcomes
Answer: Personal, situational, and socio-cultural factors
Question: Davis determined that a large proportion of infant deaths occurred due to diarrhea and enteritis, and that infant mortality could be drastically reduced if all babies were breastfed.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: In 1990, the largest numbers of deaths from tuberculosis occurred in:
Answer Choices:
China
South-East Asia
Africa
India
Answer: South-East Asia
Question: Violence against women is common in many societies because:
Answer Choices:
Women are considered property
Women are considered to bring it upon themselves
Rape and gang rape are used as a means of social control
Women are commodities in the forced labor and sex trades
All of the above
Answer: All of the above