Answer:
True
Question: In the 1800s, nosocomial diseases were prevalent.
Answer:
True
Question: Which of the following sexually-transmitted diseases is caused by a protozoan?
Answer Choices:
a. Genital herpes
b. Gonorrhea
c. Trichomoniasis
d. Syphilis
Answer:
c
Question: What is produced by the goblet cells of the duodenal mucosa?
Answer Choices:
a. digestive enzymes
b. regulatory hormones
c. soluble toxins
d. protective mucus
Answer:
d
Question: Intracellular pathogens, like Listeria and Rickettsia, produce which type of exoenzyme to aid in escaping the phagosome?
Answer Choices:
A. glycohydrolases
B. nucleases
C. phospholipases*
Answer:
C
Question: Giardia lamblia invades the intestinal mucosa, causing them to shrink and limiting their absorption of nutrients.
Answer:
False
Question: Endotoxin is produced only by gram-negative bacteria.
Answer:
True
Question: What is the first stage of HIV infection?
Answer Choices:
a. The immune system produces antibodies and activates cytotoxic T cells.
b. A protein on the surface of the virus binds to a CD4 molecule on the cell surface.
c. The virus injects its genetic material and enzymes into a cell.
d. The virus starts to replicate and spread by infecting other cells.
Answer:
b
Question: Which is the name of the toxin produced by species of Aspergillus that can cause liver cancer?
Answer Choices:
A. aflatoxin*
B. citrinin
C. ochratoxin
D. patulin
Answer:
A
Question: Select which of the following choices is an innate physical barrier.
Answer Choices:
A. phagocytosis of invading organisms
B. release of histamine
C. inflammation reaction
D. washing action of tears and saliva
E. activation of complement
Answer:
D. washing action of tears and saliva
Question: ________ permit pathogens to cause disease.
Answer:
Virulence factors
Question: Facultative intracellular pathogens can reproduce both inside and outside host cells.
Answer:
True
Question: Of 100,000 individuals exposed to a particular bacterial pathogen, 500 develop disease. Of the 500 individuals who develop the disease, 100 die. The morbidity rate is _______ cases per 100,000 people.
Answer Choices:
A. 100
B. 500
C. 1,000
D. Cannot be determined from the data provided
Answer:
B
Question: Cystic fibrosis is best described as
Answer Choices:
a. a disease caused by bacteria and characterized by inflammation of the pharynx.
b. a virus resulting in fever, chills, and headache.
c. a genetic disorder that affects mucus secretions in ducts and tubes.
d. a fungus that affects gas exchange in the lungs.
Answer:
c
Question: Which of the following is not a zoonotic disease?
Answer Choices:
A. rabies
B. Rocky Mountain spotted fever
C. typhoid*
Answer:
C
Question: What would happen if excess lymph remained in the interstitial fluid instead of entering the lymphatic capillaries?
Answer Choices:
a. Lymph would recirculate into the capillaries naturally.
b. White blood cells would multiply, overpowering the lymph.
c. Lymph would be absorbed into organs.
d. Edema would result, causing tissue damage and possibly death.
Answer:
d
Question: The severity of disease depends only on the activity of the pathogen.
Answer:
False
Question: Robert Koch was the first to conclusively determine the causative agent of which disease?
Answer Choices:
A. anthrax*
B. gonorrhea
C. syphilis
D. tuberculosis
Answer:
A
Question: ___ in the afferent lymph vessels moves bacteria and debris from the lymph.
Answer Choices:
A. Plasma cells
B. Macrophages
C. lymphocytes
D. T-lymphocytes
E. Germinal cells
Answer:
B. Macrophages
Question: Which cell type is part of the innate immune system?
Answer Choices:
a. natural killer cell
b. memory B cell
c. plasma cell
d. helper T cell
Answer:
a
Question: Which statement properly describes how Salmonella typhi enters host cells?
Answer Choices:
A. S. typhi binds to receptors on host cells that cause endocytosis.
B. S. typhi is not an intracellular pathogen.
C. S. typhi secretes effector proteins that cause membrane ruffling.*
Answer:
C