Question: Of 100,000 individuals exposed to a particular bacterial pathogen, 500 develop disease. Of the 500 individuals who develop the disease, 100 die. The mortality rate is _______ per 100,000 people.

Answer Choices:
A. 100
B. 200
C. 500
D. Cannot be determined from the data provided

Answer:
A

Question: You wish to determine if a new drug can cure individuals with colds caused by rhinoviruses. You invite 50 individuals to participate in the study. Using a double-blind approach, 25 individuals get a sugar pill and 25 get the test drug. Based on this description, which type of study was conducted?

Answer Choices:
A. case-control
B. cohort method
C. cross-sectional
D. experimental*

Answer:
D

Question: All pathogens satisfy Koch’s postulates.

Answer:
False

Question: How long does rhinovirus survive outside physiological fluids?

Answer Choices:
A. Less than a day*
B. Up to 48 hours
C. Up to 72 hours
D. Up to 1 week

Answer:
A

Question: Extracellular DNA from lysed host cells can function as a means of preventing the spread of a pathogen in a host.

Answer:
True

Question: An enterotoxin targets which type of cell?

Answer Choices:
A. cardiac cells
B. hepatic cells
C. intestinal cells*
D. respiratory cells

Answer:
C

Question: Mary Mallon, aka Typhoid Mary, was which type of carrier?

Answer Choices:
A. asymptomatic*
B. passive
C. transient
D. zoonotic

Answer:
A

Question: The Panton-Valentine leukocidin from Staphylococcus aureus targets which cell type?

Answer Choices:
A. intestinal epithelial cells
B. neurons
C. red blood cells
D. white blood cells*

Answer:
D

Question: Which surface molecules do helminths commonly express that protect them from the host immune system?

Answer Choices:
A. fibrins
B. glycans*
C. hemagglutinins
D. proteases

Answer:
B

Question: An individual with human papillomavirus (HPV) who has genital warts can transmit HPV to their partner via kissing on the lips.

Answer:
False

Question: What is the effect of hydrochloric acid secretion into the stomach?

Answer Choices:
a. It kills bacteria in the food.
b. It facilitates absorption of lipids.
c. It initiates carbohydrate digestion.
d. It deactivates the function of pepsin.

Answer:
a

Question: Which are the attachment sites for hemagglutinin spike proteins of influenza virus?

Answer Choices:
A. CD4 receptors
B. CD8 receptors
C. heparan sulfate
D. sialic acid*

Answer:
D

Question: Approximately 90% of the alveolar surface is made up of what type of cells?

Answer Choices:
a) Type I alveolar epithelial cells
b) Type II pneumocytes
c) Type III lymphocytes
d) Lymphocytes

Answer:
b) Type II pneumocytes

Question: ________ pathogens can cause disease when the host is immunocompromised.

Answer:
Opportunistic

Question: The two major types of phagocytic cells are

Answer Choices:
A. B cells and T cells
B. Basophils and eosinophils
C. Neutrophils and monocytes
D. Lymphocytes and neutrophils

Answer:
C. Neutrophils and monocytes

Question: What causes redness and heat in an area where inflammation is occurring?

Answer Choices:
A. production of interferon
B. phagocytosis initiation
C. chemicals substances released by erythrocytes
D. vasoconstriction
E. increased blood flow to the area

Answer:
E. increased blood flow to the area

Question: Why are Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections difficult to treat?

Answer Choices:
A. Because they are gram-positive bacteria, which are harder to treat.
B. Because they form biofilms, which are difficult for antibiotics to penetrate.*

Answer:
B

Question: What is true of lacteals?

Answer Choices:
A. They are a type of lymphocytes.
B. They cause significant edema.
C. They are lymphatic capillaries.
D. They are the vessels in the large trunk of the small intestine.

Answer:
C. They are lymphatic capillaries.

Question: Which of the following is an example of a nosocomial disease?

Answer Choices:
A. acquiring Giardia while drinking from a stream during a camping trip
B. acquiring Listeria after eating at a public restaurant
C. acquiring MRSA after touching a locker door handle after an already infected individual did so
D. obtaining a Pseudomonas respiratory infection during a recent visit to the hospital*

Answer:
D