Question: Which of the following is not recognized by toll-like receptors?
Answer Choices:
A. bacterial DNA
B. exotoxins
C. flagellin
D. peptidoglycan
Answer: B. exotoxins
Question: Where are acute phase proteins produced?
Answer Choices:
A. bone marrow
B. liver
C. pancreas
D. spleen
Answer: B. liver
Question: Which of the following leukocytes is used for protection against protozoa and helminths?
Answer Choices:
A. basophil
B. eosinophil
C. monocyte
D. neutrophil
Answer: B. eosinophil
Question: Mast cells and basophils release which chemical moderator?
Answer Choices:
A. defensins
B. histamine
C. interferon
D. leukocidin
Answer: B. histamine
Question: Which of the following is the initial compartment a pathogen enters after being engulfed by a macrophage?
Answer Choices:
A. inclusion
B. lysosome
C. phagolysosome
D. phagosome
Answer: D. phagosome
Question: Where are Kupffer cells found?
Answer Choices:
A. brain
B. liver
C. lung
D. peritoneal cavity
Answer: B. liver
Question: Which of the following leukocytes is an agranulocyte?
Answer Choices:
A. basophil
B. eosinophil
C. monocyte
D. neutrophil
Answer: C. monocyte
Question: Which cytokine recruits leukocytes to sites of infections?
Answer Choices:
A. chemokine
B. histamine
C. interferons
D. interleukins
Answer: A. chemokine
Question: Which of the following leukocytes initiates inflammation?
Answer Choices:
A. eosinophil
B. mast cell
C. monocyte
D. neutrophil
Answer: B. mast cell
Question: Toll-like receptors are examples of which of the following?
Answer Choices:
A. NAMs
B. NKCs
C. PAMPs
D. PRRs
Answer: D. PRRs
Question: Which of the following describes the differentiation of stem cells into various blood cells?
Answer Choices:
A. autopoiesis
B. biopoiesis
C. galactopoiesis
D. hematopoiesis
Answer: D. hematopoiesis
Question: Which is the best term to describe the process that occurs when an immune cell releases cytokines to nearby cells to trigger a response?
Answer Choices:
A. autocrine
B. endocrine
C. hormonal
D. paracrine
Answer: D. paracrine