Question: Which of the following are true of Cryptococcus gattii transmission?
Answer Options: It can be transmitted from person to person It is more likely to be picked up outdoors vs indoors It travels from animals to humans It must be inhaled from the air Correct Answer: It is more likely to be picked up outdoors vs indoors It must be inhaled from the air
Question: How does Cryptococcus gattii get to the brain?
Answer Options: It actually cannot reach the brain It enters through the eyes It goes directly through the olfactory nerve It buds and travels inside of macrophages Correct Answer: It buds and travels inside of macrophages
Question: Which of these is true of treatment options for Cryptococcus gattii?
Answer Options: Treatments may need to be taken for 6 months or longer You can treat it easily with antibiotics Topical treatments are the most common choice It can be hard to kill the fungi without killing the surrounding cells Correct Answer: Treatments may need to be taken for 6 months or longer It can be hard to kill the fungi without killing the surrounding cells
Question: Which of these would be the best way to control the spread of the infection?
Answer Options: Tell people to avoid warm, damp woods Put all the dogs and cats into quarantine Make sure everyone washes their hands Treat everyone with antibiotics Correct Answer: Tell people to avoid warm, damp woods
Question: What would be some good experimental ways to test the hypothesis?
Answer Options: Try to swab the areas and grow them on simple media Survey the people who were ill to find out where they had been recently Examine only the nodules found in cats and dogs Collect lung samples from sick and non-sick creatures to compare under a microscope and on plates Ask everyone in town if they have touched any porpoises recently Take environmental samples across the island to look for various microorganisms Correct Answer: Try to swab the areas and grow them on simple media Collect lung samples from sick and non-sick creatures to compare under a microscope and on plates Take environmental samples across the island to look for various microorganisms
Question: Which of these are observations of the organism from the video?
Answer Options: Prokaryote Green in color Rod-shaped Round Approximately 20 μm in diameter Approximately 2 μm in diameter Internal organelles Thick cell wall Correct Answer: Round Approximately 20 μm in diameter Internal organelles Thick cell wall
Question: What are some of the similarities between the scenarios presented in the video? (Select 3 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: The problem affected organs, in some cases lungs and brains The outer skin of all creatures was affected The cases happened within a short time frame There were clear signs of cancer cells There seems to be an airborne component Correct Answer: The problem affected organs, in some cases lungs and brains The cases happened within a short time frame There seems to be an airborne component
Question: What would be a good hypothesis for this situation? (Select 1 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: There might be a bacteria or fungus involved in these incidences These incidences are only found on Vancouver Island The humans caught the disease from their pets A microorganism is causing the damage to the organs in sick/dead creatures Correct Answer: A microorganism is causing the damage to the organs in sick/dead creatures
Question: What would be some good experimental ways to test the hypothesis? (Select 3 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: Try to swab the areas and grow them on simple media Survey the people who were ill to find out where they had been recently Examine only the nodules found in cats and dogs Collect lung samples from sick and non-sick creatures to compare under a microscope and on plates Ask everyone in town if they have touched any porpoises recently Take environmental samples across the island to look for various microorganisms Correct Answer: Try to swab the areas and grow them on simple media Collect lung samples from sick and non-sick creatures to compare under a microscope and on plates Take environmental samples across the island to look for various microorganisms
Question: Which of these are observations of the organism from the video? (Select 4 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: Prokaryote Green in color Rod-shaped Round Approximately 20µm in diameter Approximately 2µm in diameter Internal organelles Thick cell wall Correct Answer: Round Approximately 20µm in diameter Internal organelles Thick cell wall
Question: What is the organism type in the images? (Select 1 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: Fungi Bacteria Protist Algae Correct Answer: Fungi
Question: Which of these environments would likely harbor Cryptococcus gattii? (Select 2 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: Soils near the coast Damp wood Higher elevations Dry attic spaces Correct Answer: Soils near the coast Damp wood
Question: Which of the following is the most likely reason that this fungus became specifically problematic in 2001? (Select 1 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: Climate change has caused increase temperatures, and they began to peak in 2001 There was a specific increase in population and deforestation in that year The fungus had made a deal with the Y2K bug to wait a year and then emerge There was a large tsunami that brought the fungus across from Japan Correct Answer: Climate change has caused increase temperatures, and they began to peak in 2001
Question: What is the order of the Cryptococcus life cycle? (1 / 4 points)
Answer Options: Fungus grows in hyphal form on trees and in soils Fungus releases spores into the air Spores are breathed into the lungs Spores enter white blood cells and replicate Correct Answer: Fungus grows in hyphal form on trees and in soils Fungus releases spores into the air Spores are breathed into the lungs Spores enter white blood cells and replicate
Question: Which of the following are true of Cryptococcus gattii transmission? (Select 2 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: It can be transmitted from person to person It is more likely to be picked up outdoors vs indoors It travels from animals to humans It must be inhaled from the air Correct Answer: It is more likely to be picked up outdoors vs indoors It must be inhaled from the air
Question: How does Cryptococcus gattii get to the brain? (Select 1 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: It actually cannot reach the brain It enters through the eyes It goes directly through the olfactory nerve It buds and travels inside of macrophages Correct Answer: It buds and travels inside of macrophages
Question: Which of these is true of treatment options for Cryptococcus gattii? (Select 2 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: Treatments may need to be taken for 6 months or longer You can treat it easily with antibiotics Topical treatments are the most common choice It can be hard to kill the fungi without killing the surrounding cells Correct Answer: Treatments may need to be taken for 6 months or longer It can be hard to kill the fungi without killing the surrounding cells
Question: Which of these would be the best way to control spread of the infection? (Select 1 correct answer(s))
Answer Options: Tell people to avoid warm, damp woods Put all the dogs and cats into quarantine Make sure everyone washes their hands Treat everyone with antibiotics Correct Answer: Tell people to avoid warm, damp woods
Question: A monopolistically competitive firm is operating at a short-run level of output where price is $15, average total cost is $21, marginal cost is $15, and marginal revenue is $12. In the short run this firm should
Answer Options: increase the level of output. not change the level of output. reduce product price. decrease the level of output. Correct Answer: decrease the level of output.