Question: True or False: Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: True
Question: True or False: The upper respiratory tract has a more diverse normal microbiome than the lower respiratory tract.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: True
Question: An outbreak is larger scale/size than an epidemic.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: False
Question: True or False: The human skin is considered a more hostile environment for microbes than the human mouth.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: False
Question: True or False: Viruses are part of the healthy human microbiome.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: True
Question: True or false: Most animal vectors are mammals.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: True
Question: True or False: Reverse transcriptase is only encoded by DNA virus genomes.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: False
Question: True or false: The genome of a positive strand RNA virus must be converted to a negative strand before translation in the host cell.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: False
Question: True or false: Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum cause the same disease in humans.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: False
Question: All microbes associated with food are harmful and should be eliminated.
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: False
Question: “Some bacteria and fungi can naturally make antibiotics.” The preceding statement is…
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: True
Question: Which statement about the antibiotic penicillin is NOT correct?
Answer Options: Producing sufficient quantities of it was difficult until scientists isolated an improved strain and improved fermentation conditions. It was originally made by the fungus, Penicillium chrysogenum. It saved many lives starting in World War II. It was discovered by Anton von Leeuwenhoek, a noted early microscopist. Correct Answer: It was discovered by Anton von Leeuwenhoek, a noted early microscopist.
Question: What is meant by ‘selective toxicity’, when talking about antibiotics?
Answer Options: Antibiotics should kill only the bad bacteria and not the good bacteria. Antibiotics should kill bacteria but not harm patients. Doctors should prescribe antibiotics that can select which bacteria to kill. Doctors should select which antibiotic to prescribe carefully. Correct Answer: Antibiotics should kill bacteria but not harm patients.
Question: Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following is a way that some bacteria prevent getting killed by an antibiotic, as discussed in this course?
Answer Options: They form an extra, protective layer around the individual cells. They break down the antibiotic, to inactivate it. They swim away from antibiotics. They turn into viruses, which are naturally resistant to antibiotics. Correct Answer: They break down the antibiotic, to inactivate it.
Question: Which one of the following is NOT a way that genetic material is transferred ‘horizontally’ from one bacterium to another?
Answer Options: Transduction of DNA by viruses Inheritance of DNA from the parent bacterium Conjugation of DNA by cell-to-cell contact Transformation of ‘naked’ DNA Correct Answer: Inheritance of DNA from the parent bacterium
Question: “In the past at least, some farm animals being raised for meat were fed antibiotics to help them grow, even if they did not have a disease that could be treated by antibiotics.” The preceding statement is…
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: True
Question: Antibiotics are used in biotechnology and biotechnology is used to advance the field of antibiotics. Which of the following statements about the role that biotechnology plays in the field of antibiotics or vice versa is NOT true?
Answer Options: Some antibiotics are produced using microbial fermentation/biotechnology. Bacteria can be genetically engineered to help identify new antibiotic-encoding genes in DNA from environmental microorganisms. Because of the use of molecular cloning over the last 40 years, many more new antibiotics have been discovered since 1980 than in the 40 years before that (1940-1980). Correct Answer: Because of the use of molecular cloning over the last 40 years, many more new antibiotics have been discovered since 1980 than in the 40 years before that (1940-1980).
Question: “Most infections are caused by viruses these days, so we do not need any new antibiotics.” The preceding statement is…
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: False
Question: “Antibiotics are not as profitable as some other drugs that patients have to take for the rest of their lives, so fewer companies are interested in developing antibiotics.” The preceding statement is…
Answer Options: True False Correct Answer: True