Question: Which is a suffix (word ending) used to denote something that kills cells:

-cidal
-lethal
-static
-phobic

Answer: -cidal

Question: If you perform a Gram stain on a pure culture of bacteria and you observe purple, sausage-shaped cells at 1000X magnification, what terms would you use to describe the bacteria?

Answer Options:
Gram-positive cocci
Gram-negative rods
Gram-positive spiral
Gram-positive rods

Answer: Gram-positive rods

Question: After conducting the above experiment, you determined your organism was Gram negative. What experimental observation lead to this determination?

Answer Options:
Bubble production
No string formation
String formation
Color change

Answer: No string formation

Question: You are uncertain about the Gram status of an organism and have been instructed to determine it without conducting a Gram stain. Which of the following reagents would you need?

Answer Options:
Crystal violet
Hydrogen peroxide
Potassium hydroxide

Answer: Potassium hydroxide

Question: The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells is called:

Binary fission
Growth curve
Generation time
Death phase

Answer: Generation time

Question: During aerobic respiration, the most ATP is produced from:

Answer Options:
Glycolysis
Krebs (TCA) cycle
Electron transport chain
Fermentation

Answer: Electron transport chain

Question: What is the anticodon of a tRNA molecule that ‘carries’ methionine (MET)?

AUG
UAC
GUA
CAU

Answer: CAU

Question: If you are using a microscope that has a limit of resolution of 250 nm, then two points which are 210 nm apart will

Be seen as two points
Be seen as one point
Blur into one

Answer: Blur into one

Question: Bobtail squid:

Acquire new symbionts every day
Expel 5% of their symbionts every morning at dawn
Expel 95% of their symbionts every day at dawn
Don’t have symbionts

Answer: Expel 95% of their symbionts every day at dawn

Question: The most abundant macromolecule (by weight) in a cell is:

Answer Options:
water
carbon
oxygen
protein

Answer: water

Question: __________ microscopy involves the use of dyes that must be exposed to UV light.

Answer Options:
Electron
Bright field
Phase contrast
Fluorescent

Answer: Fluorescent

Question: Mannitol salt agar (MSA) is an example of a medium that is:

Answer Options:
Selective
Differential
Both

Answer: Both

Question: ____________ is an intermediate molecule in glycolysis.

Pyruvate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G-3-P)
Acetyl-CoA
Glucose

Answer: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G-3-P)

Question: Mannitol salt agar (MSA) selects for organisms that can tolerate high ______ and differentiates organisms that can ferment _______.

Answer Options:
salt; mannitol
pH; mannitol
osmotic; lactose
carbon dioxide; glucose

Answer Options:
salt; mannitol
pH; mannitol
osmotic; lactose
carbon dioxide; glucose

Answer: salt; mannitol

Question: An enzyme functions by:

Answer Options:
Creating the products of a chemical reaction.
Lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
Causing a chemical reaction to occur.
Inducing gene expression.

Answer: Lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction.

Question: The microscope lens that focuses light from its source is the:

Answer Options:
Condenser
Ocular
Objective

Answer: Condenser

Question: A disease reservoir and a disease source are more likely to be different when:

Answer Options:
The pathogen can’t survive well outside the host.
The pathogen can survive well outside the host.
The pathogen is a fungus.

Answer: The pathogen can’t survive well outside the host.

Question: Please answer parts A-C in reference to depicted microscope lens features.
A. The total magnification of this microscope is _____ x.
B. The limit of resolution of this microscope (assuming the wavelength is 255 nm) is _____ nm. Provide with correct unit.
C. If two cells are 90 nm apart, they will appear _____.

Answer: A. 1000x
B. 170 nm
C. blurred

Question: The ___ step is the most crucial and frequent source of Gram stain inconsistency.

Answer Options:
primary stain
decolorization
heat fixation
inoculation

Answer: decolorization