Question: Which glial cells form an epithelial-like membrane that lines the enclosed spaces of the brain and spinal cord?

Answer Options:
A) Ependymal cells
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Astrocytes
D) Microglia

Answer: A) Ependymal cells

Question: What is the function of the basal nuclei?

Answer Options:
A) Inhibit sensory awareness
B) Stimulate pattern recognition
C) Interpret speech and other auditory input
D) Facilitate voluntary movement

Answer: D) Facilitate voluntary movement

Question: What structural type of neuron has a single process that extends from the cell body?

Answer Options:
A) Unipolar neurons
B) Bipolar neurons
C) Multipolar neurons

Answer: A) Unipolar neurons

Question: What hormone decreases the plasma concentration of calcium?

Answer Options:
A) Triiodothyronine
B) Calcitonin
C) Parathyroid hormone
D) Thyroxine

Answer: B) Calcitonin

Question: How do releasing hormones released from the hypothalamus reach the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer Options:
A) Through axons of neurons
B) Through hypophyseal portal veins
C) Through the ventricular system

Answer: B) Through hypophyseal portal veins

Question: What is the term for chemical messengers that are released into interstitial fluid, diffuse into the blood stream, and act on target cells that are a distance away?

Answer Options:
A) Neurotransmitter
B) Glycolipid
C) Hormone
D) Ligand

Answer: C) Hormone

Question: The ciliary bodies in a patient’s eyes have become less functional over time. What is the effect of this change on their vision?

Answer Options:
A) They are less able to see objects in the distance.
B) Their vision becomes more and more cloudy.
C) They may develop nightblindness.
D) They are less able to see objects up close.

Answer: D) They are less able to see objects up close.

Question: In the case of a subdural hematoma (blood accumulation) resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between what two structures?

Answer Options:
A) Pia mater and brain
B) Arachnoid mater and pia mater
C) Dura mater and bone of the skull
D) Dura mater and arachnoid mater

Answer: D) Dura mater and arachnoid mater

Question: What is the functional classification of neurons that are entirely contained within the brain or spinal cord?

Answer Options:
A) Motor neurons
B) Sensory neurons
C) Interneurons

Answer: C) Interneurons

Question: The condition called otosclerosis results in the fusing of the stapes to the oval window. What would be the result of this condition?

Answer Options:
A) Conductive hearing loss
B) Sensorineural hearing loss
C) Motion sickness
D) Syncope (fainting)

Answer: A) Conductive hearing loss

Question: Considered the emotional brain, what part of the brain controls emotional experience and expression?

Answer Options:
A) Limbic system
B) Nuclei of the hypothalamus
C) Optic chiasma
D) Reticular activating system

Answer: A) Limbic system

Question: What structure contains the receptors for the sense of hearing?

Answer Options:
A) Semicircular canals
B) Spiral organ
C) Utricle
D) Ampulla

Answer: B) Spiral organ

Question: Pain caused by a heart attack is often interpreted by the brain as coming from the left arm. What is this mismatch called?

Answer Options:
A) Referred pain
B) Phantom pain
C) Translocated injury
D) Ectopic focus

Answer: A) Referred pain

Question: What cranial nerves are involved in taste sensation?

Answer Options:
A) Facial, trigeminal, and vagus
B) Glossopharyngeal, facial, and vagus
C) Glossopharyngeal, trigeminal, and vagus
D) Facial, trigeminal, and hypoglossal

Answer: B) Glossopharyngeal, facial, and vagus

Question: What are neurons that release norepinephrine called?

Answer Options:
A) Adrenergic
B) Muscarinic
C) Nicotinic
D) Cholinergic

Answer: A) Adrenergic

Question: What hormone stimulates protein synthesis, promotes fatty acid release from adipose tissue, and stimulates glucose formation from non-sugar sources?

Answer Options:
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Aldosterone
D) Growth hormone

Answer: D) Growth hormone

Question: What are the interconnected fluid-filled cavities in the brain called?

Answer Options:
A) Lobes
B) Sinuses
C) Tracts
D) Ventricles

Answer: D) Ventricles