Question: Myelination _______________.
Answer Choices:
Causes neural degeneration
Penetrates the blood-brain barrier
Occurs only on Schwann cells
Increases the speed of axonal conduction
Answer: Increases the speed of axonal conduction
Question: Noradrenergic neurons function by releasing _______________.
Answer Choices:
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Answer: Norepinephrine
Question: Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
Answer Choices:
Monoamines
Indolamines
Catecholamines
Amino acids
Answer: Catecholamines
Question: The _______________ convergence of _______________ receptors in the retina makes them more functional in low-light situations, but less accurate overall.
Answer Choices:
High, rod
Low, rod
High, cone
Low, cone
Answer: High, rod
Question: Which of the following structures breaks complex sounds into their component frequencies?
Answer Choices:
The cochlea
The inferior cerebrosomatic
The olfactory bulb
The lateral geniculate nucleus
Answer: The cochlea
Question: Which of the following best describes collateral sprouting?
Answer Choices:
When one neuron dies, adjacent neurons sometimes grow axonal extensions that take over the newly vacant postsynaptic regions.
Drug addicts develop increased levels of tolerance after repeatedly abusing addictive substances.
After fertilization, the zygote divides into a vast array of different cell types.
Unused synapses are pruned in adolescence to increase efficiency and specificity of the nervous system.
Answer: When one neuron dies, adjacent neurons sometimes grow axonal extensions that take over the newly vacant postsynaptic regions.
Question: The loudness, pitch, and timbre of a sound are directly related to the _______________, respectively, of the vibrations that produced it.
Answer Choices:
Amplitude, frequency, and complexity
Amplitude, complexity, and frequency
Frequency, amplitude, and complexity
Complexity, frequency, and amplitude
Answer: Amplitude, frequency, and complexity
Question: The primary cause of multiple sclerosis appears to be _______________.
Answer Choices:
An autoimmune response to myelin in the central nervous system
Tangled clumps of proteins that disrupt and ultimately kill neurons
A genetic mutation that prevents long-term potentiation in dopaminergic pathways
Reduced levels of GABA in the central nervous system, resulting in a lack of neural inhibition
Answer: An autoimmune response to myelin in the central nervous system
Question: Which of the following refers to uncontrolled neuron death, resulting in inflammation and potential damage to neighboring neurons?
Answer Choices:
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Neurogenesis
Meiosis
Answer: Necrosis
Question: On-center cells, off-center cells, and simple cortical cells play a crucial role in _______________.
Answer Choices:
The detection of edges
Language processing
Color perception
Cardiovascular function
Answer: The detection of edges
Question: Which of the following is NOT a layer of the embryonic disk?
Answer Choices:
Dermatome
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Answer: Dermatome
Question: Which of the following tends to transmit pain and temperature information?
Answer Choices:
Anterolateral pathway
Dorsal-column medial-lemniscus pathway
Higg’s-Binkley pathway
Inferior Cerebrothalamic pathway
Answer: Anterolateral pathway
Question: Binocular disparity _______________.
Answer Choices:
Is an important depth-perception cue
Is usually corrected by surgery
Is usually corrected by glasses
Is a leading cause of blindness
Answer: Is an important depth-perception cue
Question: Damage to the olfactory bulb would likely result in:
Answer Choices:
Loss of smell
Blindness
Paralysis
Loss of touch
Answer: Loss of smell
Question: Stacy is highly social and talkative, but has a significantly lower than average IQ (near 60). She loves music and took to playing the piano at a young age, although she has always struggled with reading sheet music. She has a limited attention span and poor spatial abilities. Which of the following diagnoses fit Stacy’s symptoms?
Answer Choices:
Williams syndrome
Autism spectrum disorder
Huntington’s disease
Down syndrome
Answer: Williams syndrome
Question: Damage to the somatosensory cortex would likely result in:
Answer Choices:
A loss of touch sensation
Blindness
Deafness
Anosmia
Answer: A loss of touch sensation
Question: In class, we spent a few seconds looking at an inverted-color image of the United States flag. When the slide was switched to a white background, a correctly colored afterimage of the flag appeared. Which of the following theories best explains this phenomenon?
Answer Choices:
Opponent-process
Retinex
Trichromatic
Cortical-discharge
Answer: Opponent-process
Question: Experimental evidence suggests that we determine the color of an object not by the frequencies of light it reflects overall, but rather by the proportion of each frequency it reflects relative to the objects around it. This can be interpreted as evidence of the _______________ theory of vision.
Answer Choices:
Retinex
Opponent-process
Trichromatic
Cortical-discharge
Answer: Retinex
Question: Evidence has shown that human adults _______________.
Answer Choices:
Can grow new neurons, but only in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb
Can grow new neurons, but only in the spinal column
Can grow new neurons in every region of the brain
Cannot grow new neurons in the central nervous system
Answer: Can grow new neurons, but only in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb