Question: A 68-year-old woman has been placed in a nursing home by her son because she can no longer be cared for at home. She has difficulty keeping her room in order. She misplaces articles of clothing and sometimes dresses herself in an odd fashion. These problems have gotten progressively worse over the past 6 years. She has been continually wandering away from the house and getting lost in the neighborhood over the past 6 months. She took early retirement as an accountant because she was having trouble keeping her clients’ accounts in order. There is no history of trauma. She has no history of seizures. Which set of histopathologic findings is most typical for her underlying disease process?
Answer Options:
A. Neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques, B. A urinary tract infection, C. Loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, D. Areas cerebral ischemia secondary to atherosclerosis.
Answer: A. Neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques
Question: Which of the following is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for Atherosclerosis?
Answer Options:
A. Obesity, B. Smoking, C. Age, D. Hyperlipidemia, E. Hypertension.
Answer: C. Age
Question: Sally has become so frustrated she thinks she may have to quit going to work. It seems like every few minutes she is going to the bathroom. She knows that urgency and frequency are associated with a urinary tract infection so she goes to Urgent Care to get a urine analysis done. Urgent Care tells her she does not have any bacteria in her urine culture and that she should follow up with an urologist. The urologist performs a cystoscopy exam. Which of the following would be seen in the bladder through the cystoscope?
Answer Options:
A. Hunner’s Ulcers, B. Pseudocysts, C. Pseudopolyps, D. Bladder stones.
Answer: A. Hunner’s Ulcers
Question: A 47-year-old obese female arrives at the ED with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. She says the pain is in her RUQ and started 8 hours ago. She thought it was just another gallstone attack, but that pain usually goes away after a few hours. On physical exam, tenderness in the RUQ is noted, along with mild jaundice of the skin and a negative Murphy’s sign. There is no evidence of fever in the patient; heart rate and blood pressure are normal. Ultrasound Report: Stone causing 90% occlusion in the middle of the common bile duct. Common bile duct is dilated above the stone and the pancreatic duct is unobstructed. Which of the following is the best diagnosis?
Answer Options:
A. Cholangitis, B. Cholecystitis, C. Choledocholithiasis, D. Cholelithiasis, E. Pancreatitis.
Answer: C. Choledocholithiasis
Question: Which of the following associations is incorrect?
Answer Options:
A. Cataracts – cloudy discoloration of the lens, B. Closed Angle Glaucoma – painless gradual loss of vision, C. Strabismus – 1 or both eyes are misaligned, D. Macular Degeneration – blurring/loss of central vision.
Answer: B. Closed Angle Glaucoma – painless gradual loss of vision
Question: This question writer had a roommate during his freshman year who was a quirky business major. When we first met, we got along well and realized it was going to be a great 1st semester. We decided to get dinner together, and on the way out, he locked and unlocked our door six times, opening the door each time in between, then closing the door tightly, and locking it before unlocking it again in the same manner. By the 3rd time, this question writer decided to wait by the elevator and ponder his life choices. This act of locking and unlocking the door is considered a(n):
Answer Options:
A. Panic Attack, B. Nervous Tic, C. Obsession, D. Compulsion, E. Very normal activity and this question writer is far too cavalier with his door locking habits.
Answer: D. Compulsion
Question: Which of the following is expected to occur during menopause?
Answer Options:
A. Low estrogen and progesterone, B. High FSH and LH, C. Decrease in bone density, D. Breasts lose firmness and shrink, E. All of the above are expected to occur during menopause.
Answer: E. All of the above are expected to occur during menopause
Question: A 55-year-old male presents to the emergency room with a chief complaint of shortness of breath with chest pain. The patient states that the onset of his symptoms started in the airport after his 12-hour flight landed. He also mentions that during the flight he felt pain in his lower leg. He is sent to radiology for a MDCTA scan and has blood drawn for labs. The lab report comes back showing an elevated D-Dimer; the radiology report is still pending. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer Options:
A. Active Tuberculosis, B. Coccidioidomycosis, C. Pulmonary Embolism, D. Asthma Exacerbation.
Answer: C. Pulmonary Embolism
Question: A 6-year-old is evaluated by a pediatrician because of the unique way he stands up from lying down. He has to walk his hands up from the floor to his thighs to stand upright. The boy’s first cousin on his mother’s side used to do the same thing when he was his age and said that it’s called Gower’s sign. Which of the following conditions do you suspect the patient has?
Answer Options:
A. Achondroplasia, B. Sickle cell anemia, C. Klinefelter Syndrome, D. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
Answer: D. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Question: A 15-year-old male presents to the emergency room complaining of knee pain and swelling a few hours after he banged his knee into the side of the coffee table. He also feels very tired and weak since his accident. While taking the patient’s history, his mother mentions that his older brother has a bleeding disorder. Vital signs show low blood pressure. A CBC shows a normocytic, normochromic anemia with a normal platelet count. Bleeding time (BT) is elevated above the normal range, while PT and aPTT tests are both normal. Which of the following deficiencies do you suspect the patient has?
Answer Options:
A. Deficiency in Factor VIII, B. Deficient in Factor X, C. Deficiency in vWF, D. Deficiency in platelets.
Answer: C. Deficiency in vWF
Question: A 70-year-old male with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been having issues with incontinence for the past few years. He is at the doctor’s office today because he has not urinated in 3 days. His BUN and creatinine are both elevated in his blood, and has a BUN
ratio of 20:1.
Answer Options:
A. Pre-Renal Azotemia, B. Intra-Renal Azotemia, C. Post-Renal Azotemia.
Answer: C. Post-Renal Azotemia
Question: A 70-year-old male with a 22-year history of chronic kidney disease is at the doctor because he hasn’t been feeling well the past month. He states that his bones hurt, his belly hurts, and he has been feeling depressed as of late. He also mentions that he recently passed a kidney stone and it hurt really badly. EKG is done and shows a short ST segment (short QT interval). Labs are ordered.
Answer Options:
A. Primary Hyperparathyroidism, B. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, C. Pseudohypoparathyroidism, D. Primary Hypoparathyroidism.
Answer: B. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Question: A 22-year-old male bodybuilder was taken to the emergency room 3 months ago for breaking his arm trying to lift his car. X-ray confirmed a closed transverse fracture of his ulna and radius. His arm was placed in a cast for immobilization during the tissue repair process. When his cast comes off 3 months later, he is surprised at how his arm looks. Which type of adaptive changes occurred to his muscles during the healing period?
Answer Options:
A. Hyperplasia, B. Atrophy, C. Hypertrophy, D. Dysplasia.
Answer: B. Atrophy
Question: A 30-year-old male presents to his doctor with a chief complaint of nipple discharge. The patient’s nipples have been leaking a white watery fluid in small amounts over the past week. When asked about other symptoms, he mentions he’s been getting headaches and his peripheral vision is blurry. What area in the body do you suspect is the underlying cause of the patient’s symptoms?
Answer Options:
A. Hypothalamus, B. Prostate Gland, C. Pituitary Gland, D. Adrenal Gland.
Answer: C. Pituitary Gland
Question: Which of the following sources would provide relevant information about the cost of property destruction following a natural disaster?
Answer Options:
A pamphlet about local food and shelter resources
A speech celebrating community first responders
A newspaper article about the natural disaster
A photograph of the damage taken by a bystander
Answer: A newspaper article about the natural disaster
Question: Which of the following phrases on the label is a subheading?
Answer Options:
Nutrition Facts
Amount Per Serving
Servings Per Container
Trans Fat
Answer: Amount Per Serving
Question: Which of the following is true about the length of the cell cycle?
Answer Options:
A cell normally undergoes the cell cycle in 24 – 36 hours, of which mitosis occupies 4 – 8 hours.
A cell normally undergoes the cell cycle in 24 – 36 hours, of which mitosis occupies 1 – 2 hours.
A cell normally undergoes the cell cycle in 18 – 24 hours, of which mitosis occupies 4 – 8 hours.
A cell normally undergoes the cell cycle in 18 – 24 hours, of which mitosis occupies 1 – 2 hours.
Answer: A cell normally undergoes the cell cycle in 24 – 36 hours, of which mitosis occupies 1 – 2 hours.
Question: Which of the following statements reflects the results of meiosis I and meiosis II?
Answer Options:
Meiosis I produces two haploid cells, while meiosis II results in two diploid cells.
Meiosis I produces two haploid cells, while meiosis II results in four haploid cells.
Meiosis I produces four haploid cells, while meiosis II results in two haploid cells.
Meiosis I produces two diploid cells, while meiosis II results in four diploid cells.
Answer: Meiosis I produces two haploid cells, while meiosis II results in four haploid cells.
Question: What is elastin fiber made of?
Answer Options:
Stretchy coiled protein, Red blood cells, A layer of fat, Plasma
Answer: Stretchy coiled protein
Question: What is the function of the horny layer?
Answer Options:
Interacts with the environment, Keeps the skin moisturized, Produces amino acids, Provides nutrients
Answer: Keeps the skin moisturized
Question: What glands are responsible for secreting sweat?
Answer Options:
Eccrine glands, Apocrine glands, Apoeccrine glands
Answer: Eccrine glands and Apocrine glands
Question: Which of the following epidermal layers keeps unwanted allergens out of the skin?
Answer Options:
Stratum lucidum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum corneum, Stratum granulosum
Answer: Stratum corneum
Question: What is collagen responsible for?
Answer Options:
Reducing inflammation, Making the skin lighter, Making the skin dry, Locking moisture in
Answer: Locking moisture in
Question: Which cells are responsible for detecting touch and sensation?
Answer Options:
Melanocytes cells, Keratinocytes cells, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells
Answer: Merkel cells
Question: Which epidermal layer produces melanin?
Answer Options:
The prickle cell layer, The basal layer, The granular layer, The clear layer
Answer: The basal layer
Question: Which vitamin is good for acne-prone skin?
Answer Options:
Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin A, Vitamin C
Answer: Vitamin A