Question: In his explanation of physical events, Galileo emphasized:
Answer Choices:
Answer: A – forces external to physical events
Question: Which label best describes Galileo?
Answer Choices:
Answer: A – realist
Question: Newton believed that the universe:
Answer Choices:
Answer: C – operates according to principles that humans could discover
Question: According to Bacon, science should utilize:
Answer Choices:
Answer: D – only the direct observation of nature
Question: According to Bacon, accepting a scientific theory:
Answer Choices:
Answer: D – is likely to bias one’s observations
Question: According to Bacon, the personal biases that result from one’s own experiences and education constitute the ___, and the human tendency to see events as they would like them to be constitutes the idols of the ___, while blind allegiance to dogma, authority, or tradition constitutes the idols of the ___.
Answer Choices:
Answer: C – idols of the cave; tribe; theater
Question: After a painful search, Descartes concluded that the only thing of which he could be certain was:
Answer Choices:
Answer: C – the fact that he doubted
Question: Descartes concluded that we can trust sensory information because:
Answer Choices:
Answer: D – God would not deceive us and sensory information can be tested and verified.
Question: According to Descartes, when a sense receptor is stimulated, “delicate threads” are pulled and cavities in the brain are opened, thereby releasing ___ into the nerves.
Answer Choices:
Answer: C – animal spirits
Question: Descartes explained all animal behavior and much human behavior in terms of ___ principles.
Answer Choices:
Answer: A – mechanical
Question: Concerning the mind-body relationship, Descartes proposed:
Answer Choices:
Answer: D – interactionism
Question: Which part of the human body did Descartes identify as the house for the mind?
Answer Choices:
Answer: A – pineal gland
Question: The person believed to be the first to make written use of the word psychologia (the science of mental life) was:
Answer Choices:
Answer: E – Marko Marulić
Question: Sigmund Koch makes an excellent case that we should refer to psychology as:
Answer Choices:
Answer: E – the study of the mind
Question: The final authority for science is:
Answer Choices:
Answer: D – empirical observation & theory
Question: All of the following are goals of science EXCEPT:
Answer Choices:
Answer: C – insight
Question: Consider this statement: “We are never the same person twice; at each moment we change and are different from the person we just were.” Which of the following would most likely have believed in that statement?
Answer Choices:
Answer: C – Heraclitus