Question: Research by Shelton and Richeson (2005) shows that White people and Black people both hold a belief that leads them to avoid interaction with the other race, or act in a more guarded manner during interactions. This unfortunately reinforces the original belief. What is the original belief?
Answer Options: a) Both Whites and Blacks tend to think that they are more competent than the other group. b) Both Whites and Blacks tend to think that members of the other group are more competent than they are. c) Both Whites and Blacks tend to think that they are more warm than the other group. d) Both Whites and Blacks tend to think the other group does not want to interact with them.
Answer: d) Both Whites and Blacks tend to think the other group does not want to interact with them.
Question: Increased diversity in cultures is related to which of the following?
Answer Options: a) Increased innovation and decreased access to public assistance b) Increased public awareness and decreased economic development c) Increased economic development and decreased public awareness d) Increased public assistance and decreased innovation
Answer: a) Increased innovation and decreased access to public assistance
Question: What term refers to the idea that different racial groups make different assessments of the amount of racism in society today because they differ in their knowledge of racial history?
Answer Options: a) The Marley hypothesis b) The just world hypothesis c) The Heckler hypothesis d) The contact hypothesis
Answer: a) The Marley hypothesis
Question: An example in your text was of a working-class person seeking respect through their interactions with a wealthier person, while the wealthier person is working to appear warm and approachable. This illustrates which of the following?
Answer Options: a) People from different economic groups work to enhance their unique qualities, ignoring the existing stereotypes in order to try to move society past them. b) People from different economic groups work to show the stereotype does not apply to them individually, which ironically strengthens each person’s stereotype of the other. c) People from different economic groups rarely interact, so it is moot to discuss what they would try to emphasize if they do interact. d) People from different economic groups work to ignore the other-group stereotypes in interactions, so the effect of stereotyping is becoming reduced in American society.
Answer: b) People from different economic groups work to show the stereotype does not apply to them individually, which ironically strengthens each person’s stereotype of the other.
Question: Which of the following theories discusses prejudice as a hierarchical structure that more powerful groups in a society use to ensure their advantage within the society?
Answer Options: a) Stereotype content model b) Social interaction model c) Social dominance theory d) Individual stereotype theory
Answer: c) Social dominance theory
Question: Some minority groups work to conceal their membership in that group. Consider, for example, a Latino woman whose appearance does not strongly hint to her group status. She may choose to engage in behaviors that subtly or directly deny her membership in the Latino/a community. However, this concealment has an impact on individuals. Which of the following is an impact that concealment has on those who engage in it?
Answer Options: a) It is cognitively taxing, interfering with other activities that require the person to think extensively. b) All of these are true. c) It is physically taxing, interfering with athletic and physical performance. d) It is emotionally taxing, interfering with emotional management.
Answer: b) All of these are true.
Question: One illustration of the lack of understanding of how much actual progress has been made toward racial equality is research that shows the actual versus predicted gap between White and Black income in the United States. Figure 11.12 shows the perceived gap is much smaller than the actual gap. What racial groups participated in this research by Kraus and colleagues (2019)?
Answer Options: a) A variety of racial groups were represented. b) Black people and White people c) White people only d) Black people only
Answer: c) White people only
Question: Victim blaming refers to when a victim of a crime, such as rape or partner abuse, is viewed as having some responsibility for the crime. Victim blaming is much more likely to occur in someone who has a
Answer Options: a) Low level of belief in meritocracy. b) High level of belief in meritocracy. c) Low level of belief in a just world. d) High level of belief in a just world.
Answer: d) High level of belief in a just world.
Question: The introductory piece, which discusses an interaction between a White woman with her dog and a Black male bird-watcher in New York City’s Central Park, illustrates which of the following points?
Answer Options: a) It highlights how discriminatory behavior is always accepted in American culture. b) White women with dogs are rarely present in New York City. c) It is rare for an African American to be a bird-watcher. d) It highlights how prejudices can influence our behavior almost automatically.
Answer: d) It highlights how prejudices can influence our behavior almost automatically.
Question: The idea that members of marginalized groups consider whether others hold a popular stereotype about them, and that that can influence the marginalized group member’s thoughts and behavior, is known as
Answer Options: a) Institutional discrimination. b) Passive prejudice. c) Stereotype threat. d) Prejudicial influence.
Answer: c) Stereotype threat.
Question: Steele and colleagues (1997; 2002) conducted research in which they gave men and women a math test. In one condition, the participants were told there are no gender differences on the test they were about to take. In the other condition, they were told that men had performed better on this test than women. Which pattern of results was found, and is supportive of the idea of stereotype threat?
Answer Options: a) In the condition where men were said to perform better, women performed worse than men. In the condition where no sex difference was noted, women performed equally as well as men. b) In the condition where men were said to perform better, women performed worse than men. In the condition where no sex difference was noted, women also performed worse than men. c) In the condition where men were said to perform better, women performed better than men. In the condition where no sex difference was noted, women also performed better than men. d) In the condition where men were said to perform better, women performed equally as well as men. In the condition where no sex difference was noted, women performed worse than men.
Answer: a) In the condition where men were said to perform better, women performed worse than men. In the condition where no sex difference was noted, women performed equally as well as men.