Question: Connie discovers four biology majors who took Professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. All four spent a year taking courses in Florence, Italy. a. Has no effect. b. Weakens. c. Strengthens.

Answer Options:
A) Has no effect
B) Weakens
C) Strengthens

Answer: B) Weakens

Question: Connie discovers four biology majors who took Professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. All four wear Calvin Klein jeans, and so does Connie. a. Strengthens. b. Has no effect. c. Weakens.

Answer Options:
A) Strengthens
B) Has no effect
C) Weakens

Answer: B) Has no effect

Question: Nature abhors a vacuum.

Answer Options:
A) Water rises in an open tube by capillary action.
B) Higher pressure results in a greater volume of flow.
C) Nature abhors a vacuum.
D) Water rises in an open tube by capillary action.
E) Higher pressure results in a greater volume of flow.

Answer: C) Nature abhors a vacuum.

Question: Connie changes her conclusion: She’ll get at least an A– in Professor Langley’s course. a. Weakens. b. Has no effect. c. Strengthens.

Answer Options:
A) Weakens
B) Has no effect
C) Strengthens

Answer: C) Strengthens

Question: Because Einstein’s theory of relativity accounted for the precise time of certain eclipses with greater accuracy than did Newton’s theory, Einstein’s theory is:

Answer Options:
A) More externally consistent.
B) More adequate.

Answer: B) More adequate.

Question: The agreement of Marie Curie’s hypothesis about the existence of radium with Mendeleev’s periodic table of the elements is an illustration of:

Answer Options:
A) Predictability.
B) Internal coherence.
C) Fruitfulness.
D) Adequacy.
E) External consistency.

Answer: E) External consistency.

Question: Connie discovers four biology majors who took Professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. All four come from different backgrounds and have different interests. a. Strengthens. b. Weakens. c. Has no effect.

Answer Options:
A) Strengthens
B) Weakens
C) Has no effect

Answer: A) Strengthens

Question: One problem relating to the proof of hypotheses is that:

Answer Options:
A) Observation is theory dependent.
B) Hypotheses are not observable things.
C) Every hypothesis is eventually disproved.
D) The number of implications derivable from a hypothesis is limited.
E) Most hypotheses entail inconsistent implications.

Answer: A) Observation is theory dependent.

Question: The hypotheses leading to the discovery of Neptune and Radium can be called:

Answer Options:
A) Conditional hypotheses.
B) Theoretical hypotheses.
C) Astronomical hypotheses.
D) Conceptual hypotheses.
E) Empirical hypothesis.

Answer: E) Empirical hypothesis.

Question: In relation to earlier theories, Maxwell’s theory of the electromagnetic field, which unified the phenomena of light, electricity, and magnetism, is:

Answer Options:
A) More externally consistent.
B) More adequate.
C) More fruitful.
D) More internally coherent.
E) More phenomenalistic.

Answer: D) More internally coherent.

Question: The biologist John Needham hypothesized that:

Answer Options:
A) Life is created through the agency of hydrogen.
B) Life comes only from life.
C) Life is created by the action of oxygen on water.
D) The seeds of all living forms are hidden in a nutrient solution.
E) Microbes are deposited in nutrient solutions by dust particles in the air.

Answer: D) The seeds of all living forms are hidden in a nutrient solution.

Question: One of the implications of the atmospheric pressure hypothesis is that:

Answer Options:
A) A properly constructed vacuum pump would operate to a height of about 45 feet.
B) The atmosphere would support a column of mercury to a height of about 29 inches.
C) Storms are always accompanied by an increase in atmospheric pressure.
D) Barometers do not work as well on mountain tops as they do at sea level.
E) Water boils at a higher temperature on mountain tops than it does at sea level.

Answer: B) The atmosphere would support a column of mercury to a height of about 29 inches.

Question: Prior to the work of Louis Pasteur, the emergence of organisms such as worms, frogs, and eels was explained by:

Answer Options:
A) The theory that nature abhors a vacuum.
B) The theory that organisms of this sort are causes by flies.
C) The theory that organisms of this sort are caused by cosmic dust.
D) The theory of spontaneous generation.
E) Aristotle’s theory of hylomorphism.

Answer: D) The theory of spontaneous generation.

Question: The ability of Torricelli’s hypothesis about atmospheric pressure to suggest the design of the barometer is an illustration of:

Answer Options:
A) External consistency.
B) Internal coherence.
C) Fruitfulness.
D) Predictability.
E) Adequacy.

Answer: C) Fruitfulness.