Question: Given Event 2A, what is the probability that the two balls are the same color?
a. 7/25
b. 19/45
c. 14/45
d. 8/25
e. 1/4
Answer: c. 14/45
Question: A condition X is not a necessary condition for Y if:
a. X is absent when Y is present.
b. X and Y are absent together.
c. X and Y are present together.
d. X is absolute but Y is relative.
e. X is present when Y is absent.
Answer: a. X is absent when Y is present.
Question: In regard to Event 1B, what are the odds?
a. 1 to 4.
b. 7 to 100.
c. 7 to 125.
d. 3 to 25.
e. 3 to 22.
Answer: e. 3 to 22
Question: What method was used to determine the cause suggested by Table 3C?
a. The method of difference.
b. The method of concomitant variation.
c. The method of agreement.
d. The method of residues.
e. The joint method of agreement and difference.
Answer: e. The joint method of agreement and difference.
Question: To compute the probability of drawing a jack and a queen from a poker deck (without replacing the first card before drawing the second) the theory of probability that would likely be used is the:
a. Relative frequency theory.
b. Subjectivist theory.
c. Conditional theory.
d. Classical (a priori) theory.
e. Relativist theory.
Answer: d. Classical (a priori) theory.
Question: What is the probability of drawing a black jack from a poker deck (no jokers) on a single draw?
a. 2/13
b. 1/4
c. 1/26
d. 1/13
e. 1/52
Answer: d. 1/13
Question: If the odds of the Yankees beating the Red Sox are 5 to 3, what is the probability of this event happening?
a. 1/8
b. 5/8
c. 3/5
d. 3/8
e. 5/3
Answer: b. 5/8
Question: Given an urn containing 4 green balls and 5 orange balls. If two balls are drawn and the first ball is not replaced before the second is drawn, what is the probability that both balls are green?
a. 7/18
b. 1/6
c. 4/27
d. 7/17
e. 16/81
Answer: b. 1/6
Question: What cause is suggested by the information in Table 2C?
a. B is a necessary and sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
b. C is a sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
c. B is a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
d. B is a sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
e. C is a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
Answer: d. B is a sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
Question: The retrospective study described in your textbook in which a nutritionist attempted to determine the effect of several vitamins and minerals on atherosclerosis is closely related to which of Mill’s methods?
a. The method of difference.
b. The method of residues.
c. The method of concomitant variation.
d. The method of agreement.
e. The joint method of agreement and difference.
Answer: e. The joint method of agreement and difference.
Question: Given an urn containing 4 red balls, 2 blue balls, and 3 yellow balls. What is the probability of drawing either a red ball or a blue ball on a single draw?
a. 2/3
b. 1/2
c. 8/9
d. 1/3
e. 4/9
Answer: a. 2/3
Question: What cause is suggested by the information in Table 3C?
a. C is necessary but not a sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
b. C is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
c. F is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
d. A is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
e. A is necessary but not a sufficient condition for the phenomenon.
Answer: d. A is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the phenomenon.
Question: If the odds of the Dodgers defeating the Astros are 4 to 5, what is the probability of this event happening?
a. .20
b. 5/9
c. 4/9
d. .50
e. .80
Answer: c. 4/9
Question: To compute the probability of the Chargers football team beating the Patriots, the theory of probability that would normally be used is the:
a. Relativist theory.
b. Conditional theory.
c. Classical (a priori) theory.
d. Subjectivist theory.
e. Relative frequency theory.
Answer: d. Subjectivist theory.
Question: A condition X is not a sufficient condition for Y if:
a. X and Y are present together.
b. X is present when Y is absent.
c. X is absent when Y is present.
d. X is relative but Y is absolute.
e. X and Y are absent together.
Answer: a. X and Y are present together.
Question: The experiment described in your textbook involving the effect of a possible carcinogen on 100 mice is most closely related to which of Mill’s methods?
a. The method of concomitant variation.
b. The joint method of agreement and difference.
c. The method of difference.
d. The method of agreement.
e. The method of residues.
Answer: c. The method of difference.
Question: The controlled experiment in science is most closely related to which of Mill’s methods?
a. The method of agreement.
b. The joint method of agreement and difference.
c. The method of concomitant variation.
d. The method of agreement.
e. The method of difference.
Answer: e. The method of difference.
Question: Given Event 2A, what is the probability that the first ball is orange and the second is yellow?
a. 1/25
b. 1/3
c. 3/20
d. 1/6
e. 1/5
Answer: d. 1/6