Question: The pre-Socratics contributed all of the following philosophical/psychological ideas and concepts EXCEPT:
Answer Choices:
A. dualism
B. early studies in sensation & perception
C. church dogma
D. the birth of epistemology
E. skepticism
Answer: C – church dogma
Question: The Allegory of the Cave emphasized which of the following?
Answer Choices:
A. culture plays little role in our understanding of the world
B. the role played by genetics in our behavior
C. our sensory knowledge of the world is flawed and illusory
D. personal experience is the best guide to truth
E. the limitation of our senses in dim light
Answer: C – our sensory knowledge of the world is flawed and illusory
Question: Your professor of this course also teaches a course in Sensation & Perception, and really enjoys the visual system. He would do well to remember to remind his students that — discovered that the — is the part of the eye that is sensitive to light.
Answer Choices:
A. Aristotle; optic nerve
B. none of the above
C. Heraclitus; pupil
D. Socrates; lens
E. Alhazen; retina
Answer: E – Alhazen; retina
Question: Scholasticism dominated the Middle Ages and most Christian thinking for centuries after. It was an attempt to reconcile
Answer Choices:
A. art and philosophy
B. science and the humanities
C. reason and experience
D. observation and personal belief
E. reason and faith
Answer: E – reason and faith
Question: “Trust your senses” is a very common expression and at the heart of science. We can attribute this emphasis to which of the following?
Answer Choices:
A. Socrates
B. St. Augustine
C. Thomas Aquinas
D. Abelard
E. William Occam
Answer: E – William Occam
Question: In which of the following great works would one find an explanation of the heliocentric view of the universe?
Answer Choices:
A. Optics
B. Novum Organum
C. On Planetary Motion
D. Cellular Biology
E. De Revolutionibus
Answer: E – De Revolutionibus
Question: Which of the following modern neuroscientists argues that Descartes erred in separating the body from the mind; indeed, it is now believed that all mental activities have a physiological and neural correlate?
Answer Choices:
A. Michael Gazzaniga
B. David Hubel
C. Wilder Penfield
D. Antonio Damasio
E. Oliver Sacks
Answer: D – Antonio Damasio
Question: The Renaissance and the scientific revolution that followed can best be understood as a definitive challenge to which of the following?
Answer Choices:
A. inductive reasoning
B. idealism
C. empiricism
D. dogma
E. rationalism
Answer: D – dogma
Question: In the first chapter of your text, throughout the historical periods leading to the 17th and 18th centuries, there is the idea that
Answer Choices:
A. psychology owes its existence to the pioneering scientists of the 18th century
B. psychology has roots dating back to the ancient Greeks and emerged from philosophy and the natural sciences
C. psychological inquiry really didn’t begin until the late 19th century
D. the historical record clearly shows that psychology has little to do with philosophy
E. psychology was born out of disillusionment with early philosophy
Answer: B – psychology has roots dating back to the ancient Greeks and emerged from philosophy and the natural sciences
Question: Which of the following is the most plausible statement about the future of psychology?
Answer Choices:
A. Neuroscientists will solve the mystery of what makes humans do what they do.
B. It will get to a point where all psychologists and the various schools of psychology will reach final agreement on why humans do what they do.
C. Psychology will most likely continue to be as diverse as it is and human behavior will continue to fascinate and puzzle both professionals and students alike.
D. Psychologists will get so frustrated trying to solve the mystery of human behavior that they will just call it quits, take their toys and go home.
E. Social psychologists will solve the mystery of human behavior by perfecting the one universal and true SURVEY of all time.
Answer: C – Psychology will most likely continue to be as diverse as it is and human behavior will continue to fascinate and puzzle both professionals and students alike.
Question: During crossing over in meiosis I, ________.
Answer Choices:
A. chromosomal damage occurs
B. homologous chromosomes are not aligned
C. zygote formation occurs
D. homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material
E. genetic information is lost
Answer: D – homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material
Question: Aneuploidy may be the result of ________.
Answer Choices:
A. suppression of a chromosome’s replication
B. nondisjunction during meiosis
C. crossing over during meiosis
D. alteration of the size of the spindle
Answer: B – nondisjunction during meiosis
Question: Which of the following is not a distinct feature of meiosis?
Answer Choices:
A. suppression of DNA replication
B. movement of sister chromatids to the same pole
C. pairing and exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
D. attachment of the sister kinetochores to actin molecules
Answer: D – attachment of the sister kinetochores to actin molecules
Question: Chiasmata form ________.
Answer Choices:
A. sex chromosomes but not autosomes
B. between replicated copies of the same chromosomes
C. sister chromatids
D. between homologous chromosomes
Answer: D – between homologous chromosomes
Question: During Anaphase I ________.
Answer Choices:
A. homologous chromosomes align at the middle of the cell
B. sister chromatids separate and move to the poles
Answer: B – sister chromatids separate and move to the poles
Question: For the Gestaltists, the proper subject matter for psychology is ____ or mental experience as it occurs to the naive observer.
Answer Choices:
A. operant behavior
B. S-R associations
C. mental elements
D. phenomenological experience
Answer: D – phenomenological experience
Question: Which of the following observations by Wertheimer launched the school of Gestalt psychology?
Answer Choices:
A. Our perceptions are more than, or different from, the sensations that make them up.
B. Humans are only quantitatively different from other animals.
C. Objective reality and subjective reality are really the same thing.
D. Introspection can be used to study the contents of the human mind.
Answer: A – Our perceptions are more than, or different from, the sensations that make them up.