Basic Science practice test

Question: Which of the following best describes tertiary prevention?

Answer Options:
a. Preventing the onset of disease
b. Early detection of disease
c. Reducing the impact of an ongoing illness or injury
d. Promoting overall health and well-being

Answer: c. Reducing the impact of an ongoing illness or injury

Question: Which of the following contributes to health disparities?

Answer Options:
a. Access to healthy foods
b. High-quality education
c. Economic stability
d. Unequal distribution of resources

Answer: d. Unequal distribution of resources

Question: The largest component of national health expenditures in the United States is:

Answer Options:
a. Hospital care
b. Prescription drugs
c. Physician services
d. Nursing home care

Answer: a. Hospital care

Question: Which of the following best describes the “medical model” of health?

Answer Options:
a. Focuses on disease prevention and health promotion
b. Emphasizes treatment of illness with medication and surgery
c. Considers a holistic approach to health
d. Involves social and environmental determinants of health

Answer: b. Emphasizes treatment of illness with medication and surgery

Question: Which of the following is a goal of health policy?

Answer Options:
a. To improve population health outcomes
b. To increase the number of health care providers
c. To expand access to luxury health services
d. To reduce the cost of cosmetic procedures

Answer: a. To improve population health outcomes

Question: The concept that individuals can change their health behaviors and improve their health is called:

Answer Options:
a. Health self-determination
b. Health equity
c. Social capital
d. Health literacy

Answer: a. Health self-determination

Question: Which of the following is true of public health interventions?

Answer Options:
a. They focus exclusively on curing diseases.
b. They are aimed at improving community health.
c. They are only effective for certain populations.
d. They only address infectious diseases.

Answer: b. They are aimed at improving community health.

Question: Which term refers to the ability of individuals to obtain, process, and understand basic health information to make appropriate health decisions?

Answer Options:
a. Health disparity
b. Health literacy
c. Health equity
d. Health behavior

Answer: b. Health literacy

Question: The concept of “health equity” refers to:

Answer Options:
a. Providing everyone with the same health care services
b. Ensuring that all individuals have a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible
c. Focusing on individual responsibility for health outcomes
d. Ensuring only low-income individuals receive health services

Answer: b. Ensuring that all individuals have a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible

Question: Which of the following is an example of a health disparity?

Answer Options:
a. Higher rates of diabetes in low-income populations
b. Equal access to preventive services for all individuals
c. Decreased rates of smoking across the population
d. Higher life expectancy in countries with universal health care

Answer: a. Higher rates of diabetes in low-income populations

Question: Which of the following best describes the term “social determinants of health”?

Answer Options:
a. Factors related only to physical health
b. Genetic factors that influence health outcomes
c. Conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, and age
d. Health behaviors such as diet and exercise

Answer: c. Conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, and age

Question: Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases?

Answer Options:
a. Age
b. Genetics
c. Smoking
d. Gender

Answer: c. Smoking

Question: What is the term used to describe policies or practices that provide an unfair advantage to some individuals or groups over others?

Answer Options:
a. Health equity
b. Health disparity
c. Health discrimination
d. Health inequity

Answer: d. Health inequity

Question: Which of the following is the best example of a public health intervention?

Answer Options:
a. A hospital treating cancer patients
b. A school providing vaccinations to children
c. A pharmaceutical company developing new drugs
d. A fitness center offering membership discounts

Answer: b. A school providing vaccinations to children

Question: Which of the following best describes the term “health promotion”?

Answer Options:
a. Treating existing health conditions
b. Preventing disease by addressing its root causes
c. Providing health insurance to all individuals
d. Increasing the availability of prescription medications

Answer: b. Preventing disease by addressing its root causes

Question: Which of the following describes the relationship between income and health?

Answer Options:
a. Higher income is consistently associated with better health outcomes
b. Income has no significant effect on health outcomes
c. Lower-income individuals have better access to health care
d. Health outcomes are worse only in individuals with very high income

Answer: a. Higher income is consistently associated with better health outcomes

Question: Which of the following is true about health care access in rural areas?

Answer Options:
a. It is typically the same as in urban areas
b. It is often limited due to fewer health care providers and facilities
c. It is less important because rural populations are healthier
d. It is primarily affected by the cost of health insurance

Answer: b. It is often limited due to fewer health care providers and facilities

Question: Which of the following is a social determinant of health that affects life expectancy?

Answer Options:
a. Race
b. Income
c. Smoking
d. Physical activity

Answer: b. Income

Question: Which main characteristic is used to differentiate between strong and weak entities in the process of database design?

Answer Options:
a. Association
b. Primary key
c. Cardinality
d. Foreign key

Answer: b. Primary key

Question: Which statement creates a foreign key in Orders that references Customers?

Answer Options:
a. INSERT INTO Orders (cid) FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Customers (cid);
b. CREATE FOREIGN KEY Orders (cid) REFERENCES Customers (cid);
c. UPDATE TABLE Orders SET cid = FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Customers (cid);
d. ALTER TABLE Orders ADD FOREIGN KEY (cid) REFERENCES Customers (cid);

Answer: d. ALTER TABLE Orders ADD FOREIGN KEY (cid) REFERENCES Customers (cid);

Question: Which relationship exists between occurrences of the same entity types?

Answer Options:
a. Binary
b. Cardinality
c. Unary
d. Modality

Answer: c. Unary

Question: Which relationship is shown in the following diagram? (Diagram showing one salesperson associated with a salesperson entity, characterized as a unary relationship.)

Answer Options:
a. Unary relationship
b. Intersection data
c. Associative entity
d. Many-to-many

Answer: a. Unary relationship

Question: What is the last step in the logical design process for designing a database?

Answer Options:
a. Determine cardinality.
b. Apply a normal form.
c. Discover entities.
d. Analyze data requirements.

Answer: b. Apply a normal form.

Question: Which elements are represented by attributes in the database design documents?

Answer Options:
a. Names
b. Synonyms
c. Relationships
d. Repositories

Answer: a. Names

Question: What is the first step of the analysis phase for designing a database?

Answer Options:
a. Identify entities.
b. Implement attributes.
c. Determine cardinality.
d. Draw an entity-relationship (ER) diagram.

Answer: a. Identify entities.

Question: Which entity in a table is a measurable object in the real world?

Answer Options:
a. Tangible entity
b. Virtual entity
c. Conceptual entity
d. Logical entity

Answer: a. Tangible entity

Question: What is the second step in the implement relationships stage of database design?

Answer Options:
a. Implement weak entities.
b. Implement one-one relationships.
c. Implement subtype entities.
d. Specify cascade.

Answer: b. Implement one-one relationships.

Question: Which property of an entity can become a column in a table?

Answer Options:
a. Uniqueness
b. Attribute
c. Non-null values
d. Modality

Answer: b. Attribute

Question: Which relationship or association exists between a supertype and its subtype entities?

Answer Options:
a. Strong entity
b. IsA relationship
c. Associative entity
d. Weak entity

Answer: b. IsA relationship