Basic Science with answers

Question: What is shown on the “many” side of a relationship between two tables?

Answer Options:
a. Foreign key
b. Reflexive relationship
c. Weak entity
d. Binary relationship

Answer: a. Foreign key

Question: Which object relates an entity to itself in an entity-relationship model?

Answer Options:
a. Attribute
b. Relationship instance
c. Reflexive relationship
d. Repository

Answer: c. Reflexive relationship

Question: Which statement is associated with two separate entities?

Answer Options:
a. Attribute
b. Entity type
c. Reflexive relationship
d. Relationship

Answer: d. Relationship

Question: Which designation is an individual value, such as a salary?

Answer Options:
a. Entity type
b. Relationship
c. Attribute type
d. Glossary

Answer: c. Attribute type

Question: Which phase of entity-relationship modeling refers to the maxima and minima of relationships and attributes?

Answer Options:
a. Partition
b. Cardinality
c. Physical design
d. Attribute minimum

Answer: b. Cardinality

Question: What is a collection of tables with interrelated data called?

Answer Options:
a. Spreadsheet
b. Database
c. Record
d. Field

Answer: b. Database

Question: Which of the following is a set of rules that defines valid relationships between entities?

Answer Options:
a. Foreign key
b. Primary key
c. Business rules
d. Modality

Answer: c. Business rules

Question: Which key uniquely identifies each record in a table?

Answer Options:
a. Foreign key
b. Primary key
c. Composite key
d. Candidate key

Answer: b. Primary key

Question: What type of relationship involves an entity that is related to itself?

Answer Options:
a. Unary
b. Binary
c. Ternary
d. Cardinality

Answer: a. Unary

Question: Which process is used to reduce data redundancy in database design?

Answer Options:
a. Indexing
b. Data mining
c. Normalization
d. Denormalization

Answer: c. Normalization

Question: Which phase of the database design process involves identifying relationships between entities?

Answer Options:
a. Physical design
b. Conceptual design
c. Normalization
d. Logical design

Answer: d. Logical design

Question: What is a foreign key used for in a relational database?

Answer Options:
a. To uniquely identify each record in a table
b. To define relationships between tables
c. To ensure data integrity within a table
d. To index columns for faster querying

Answer: b. To define relationships between tables

Question: In which situation would you use a composite key?

Answer Options:
a. When two tables need to be joined
b. When no single attribute can uniquely identify a record
c. When creating a foreign key reference
d. When adding a constraint to a table

Answer: b. When no single attribute can uniquely identify a record

Question: Which of the following is an example of an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) symbol?

Answer Options:
a. Diamond
b. Square
c. Circle
d. Star

Answer: a. Diamond

Question: In a database, which term refers to a single piece of data within a table?

Answer Options:
a. Field
b. Record
c. Entity
d. Attribute

Answer: a. Field

Question: What is the correct client teaching for using a peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) meter?

Answer Options:
The PEFR meter should be used weekly for 4 weeks.
The meter number will help the client understand her zone and notes that based on the current level of 345, a reading of 279 would require using 6 puffs of albuterol.

Answer: The meter number will help the client understand her zone and notes that based on the current level of 345, a reading of 279 would require using 6 puffs of albuterol.

Question: A client who reports feeling chronically fatigued has a hemoglobin of 11.0 g/dL, hematocrit of 34%, and microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells (RBCs). Based on these findings, which dinner selection should the nurse suggest to the client?

Answer Options:
Grilled shrimp and seasoned rice with asparagus salad.
Broiled white fish with a baked sweet potato.
Beef steak with steamed broccoli and orange slices.
Cheese pasta and a lettuce and tomato salad.

Answer: Beef steak with steamed broccoli and orange slices.

Question: After initiating a steroid nebulizer treatment for a client with asthma in respiratory distress, which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?

Answer Options:
Monitor pulse oximetry every 2 hours.
Elevate the head of bed to 90 degrees.
Teach proper use of a rescue inhaler.
Determine exposure to asthmatic triggers.

Answer: Elevate the head of bed to 90 degrees.

Question: For a client with asthma, identify the triggers based on the provided clinical scenario.

Answer Options:
Missed doses of inhaler.
Smoke inhalation.
Viral infection.

Answer: Smoke inhalation.

Question: What teaching should be provided for a medication regimen including Montelukast, Albuterol, and Fluticasone/Vilanterol?

Answer Options:
Montelukast: Take medication in the evening (Leukotriene modifier).
Albuterol: Take medication regardless of symptoms (Short-acting beta2-agonist).
Fluticasone/Vilanterol: Use daily for long-term control, not for immediate relief (Corticosteroid and LABA combination).

Answer: Montelukast: Take medication in the evening (Leukotriene modifier).
Albuterol: Take medication as needed for symptoms (Short-acting beta2-agonist).
Fluticasone/Vilanterol: Use daily for long-term control, not for immediate relief (Corticosteroid and LABA combination).

Question: What is the correct use and classification for the following medications: Montelukast, Albuterol, Fluticasone/Vilanterol?

Answer Options:
Montelukast: Leukotriene modifier
Albuterol: Short-acting beta2-agonist
Fluticasone/Vilanterol: Corticosteroid and LABA combination

Answer: Montelukast: Leukotriene modifier
Albuterol: Short-acting beta2-agonist
Fluticasone/Vilanterol: Corticosteroid and LABA combination

Question: Choose the correct fill-ins for using a peak expiratory flow meter and managing asthma.

Answer Options:
The PEFR meter should be used twice daily for 2 weeks.
Based on a current level of 345, a reading of 241 would require going to the emergency department.

Answer: The PEFR meter should be used twice daily for 2 weeks.
Based on a current level of 345, a reading of 241 would require going to the emergency department.

Question: A client experiencing a sudden onset of confusion and trouble speaking at home is transported to the emergency department. The client does not understand simple commands and appears very frustrated. Which intervention should the nurse perform in the immediate management of the client?

Answer Options:
Test for a swallowing reflex and perform communication deficit assessments.
Initiate bilateral intermittent sequential pneumatic compression devices.
Administer aspirin to prevent further clot formation and platelet clumping.
Determine when symptoms began and if improved or worsened since onset.

Answer: Determine when symptoms began and if improved or worsened since onset.

Question: The nurse is caring for a client who had a biliopancreatic diversion procedure (BDP) 3 months ago and is admitted with severe dehydration. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?

Answer Options:
Occult positive emesis.
Strong foul-smelling flatus.
Loose bowel movements.
Report of poor night vision.

Answer: Occult positive emesis.

Question: The nurse is caring for a client who had a cholecystectomy two days ago. The client is febrile, reporting upper abdominal pain radiating to the back, and has had three episodes of vomiting in the last 8 hours. Based on these findings, the nurse should recognize the client is exhibiting symptoms of which condition?

Answer Options:
Biliary duct obstruction.
Hepatorenal failure.
Acute pancreatitis.
Surgical site infection.

Answer: Acute pancreatitis.

Question: What nutritional recommendations would be helpful for a client in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Answer Options:
Increase the amount of dietary fiber.
Eliminate sugary beverages and juices from the diet.
Minimize the number of refined grains in the diet.

Answer: Increase the amount of dietary fiber.
Eliminate sugary beverages and juices from the diet.
Minimize the number of refined grains in the diet.

Question: The nurse is teaching the client about the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) meter. The nurse explains the meter number will help the client understand her zone and notes that based on the current level of 345, a reading of what value would require intervention?

Answer Options:

Answer: A reading of 241 or lower would require intervention.

Question: A nurse is caring for a client with chemotherapy-induced mucositis who is describing soreness of the tongue and oral tissues. Which is the best initial nursing action?

Answer Options:
Encourage frequent mouth care.
Cleanse the tongue and mouth with swabs.
Obtain a soft diet for the client.
Administer a topical analgesic per protocol.

Answer: Administer a topical analgesic per protocol.

Question: The nurse evaluates the client’s understanding of asthma management. Which of the following statements indicate understanding?

Answer Options:
“If I make the changes we talked about, I will not get type 2 diabetes.”
“Making these changes will also help me avoid other chronic health conditions.”
“If I have symptoms like increased thirst and urination, I should come in and get my blood sugar checked.”
“I can never eat sugar again.”
“If my fasting blood sugar is less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) next time, I can go back to my usual eating habits.”

Answer: “Making these changes will also help me avoid other chronic health conditions.”