Question: In which one of the following examples is metacognition most clearly illustrated?
Answer Choices:
Fran knows how much of a book she is likely to remember a month later.
Jeremy can recite all the letters of the alphabet before he begins kindergarten.
Alex is playing a game that requires him to match words that rhyme.
Billy can read fourth-grade-level books.
Answer: Fran knows how much of a book she is likely to remember a month later.
Question: Which one of the following is the best example of positive transfer?
Answer Choices:
Robert is trying to learn the spelling of the word shepherd; he remembers how he learned to spell lighthouse by putting two words together and so writes “shepherd.”
Vince notices that rules of grammar are not always the same in English and Japanese.
Zelda uses the formula for calculating the area of circles when she wants to figure out how much bigger a 10-inch pizza is than a 7-inch pizza.
David is trying to learn to program a computer. He reads his programming manual but is confused by some of its instructions.
Answer: Zelda uses the formula for calculating the area of circles when she wants to figure out how much bigger a 10-inch pizza is than a 7-inch pizza.
Question: One way to increase students’ motivation is to highlight the utility value of the topic (i.e., how it is useful to them).
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: According to this theorist, social interaction is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that make up a community’s culture. He died at the young age of 38.
Answer Choices:
John Bowlby
Erik Erikson
G. Stanley Hall
Lev Vygotsky
Answer: Lev Vygotsky
Question: Nathan has been playing golf with his parents for many years. When he goes out for the school baseball team, he has trouble hitting the ball because he keeps confusing the swing of the bat with how he swings a golf club. Nathan’s difficulty reflects:
Answer Choices:
General transfer
Negative transfer
Rote learning
Mental set in problem solving
Answer: Negative transfer
Question: Intrinsic motivation is when a student engages in an activity because they find it enjoyable or interesting.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: In class, we discussed several moderators of the relationship between goal setting and academic performance. Name at least one moderator.
Answer: Feedback
Question: ____ is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement.
Answer Choices:
Charles Darwin
John Locke
G. Stanley Hall
Sigmund Freud
Answer: G. Stanley Hall
Question: According to self-determination theory, you can increase students’ intrinsic motivation by supporting what three psychological needs?
Answer Choices:
Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness
Autonomy, Skills, Knowledge
Competence, Skills, Knowledge
Autonomy, Competence, Mentorship
Answer: Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness
Question: At each stage of Erikson’s proposed theory, individuals are faced with a social-emotional crisis they must resolve.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: If one individual has influenced the contemporary field of child development more than any other, it is ______.
Answer Choices:
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
B. F. Skinner
Jean Piaget
Answer: Jean Piaget
Question: Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is considered constructivist because learners are active participants in the construction of their own knowledge.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: This British philosopher viewed the child as a tabula rasa (blank slate). His book Two Treatises on Government (1689) introduced ideas that were later used in the U.S. constitution.
Answer Choices:
Urie Bronfenbrenner
John Locke
Charles Darwin
Jean Piaget
Answer: John Locke
Question: How might you apply Vygotsky’s theory in the classroom?
Answer Choices:
Encourage students to ask themselves through difficult tasks.
Discourage students from seeking help from others.
Arrange desks in rows not groups.
Avoid giving verbal feedback during activities so students can learn to think for themselves.
Answer: Encourage students to ask themselves through difficult tasks.
Question: External rewards can have a negative impact on intrinsic motivation.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: Skinner felt that the environment is the primary factor that contributes to learning.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: This theorist applied ethological theory to understanding the human caregiver-infant relationship. He fought for mothers and children to remain together when the child was hospitalized.
Answer Choices:
Jean Piaget
John Bowlby
G. Stanley Hall
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Answer: John Bowlby
Question: Which of the following is NOT an example of using scaffolding in the classroom?
Answer Choices:
Giving students a checklist
Demonstration
Providing students with technology that makes a task easier (e.g., a calculator)
All of these are examples
Answer: All of these are examples
Question: The cognitive awareness that objects and people continue to exist even when they are no longer seen or heard is called object permanence.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development is sometimes referred to as a:
Answer Choices:
Sociocultural theory
Constructivist theory
Individualistic theory
Collectivist theory
Answer: Sociocultural theory
Question: Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development is supported by empirical research.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: Although the physical development of the brain is considered part of the physical domain, the psychological development of the mind is part of the cognitive domain.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: This theorist was a student of Freud’s, but he differed with Freud in that he recognized the lifespan nature of development. He was born to an unmarried mother, scandalous at the time, and looked different from his peers. He was nicknamed the “goy” (non-Jew) by his Jewish peers. He proposed a theory fraught with crises.
Answer Choices:
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
B. F. Skinner
Benjamin Spock
Answer: Erik Erikson