Question: According to EBM hierarchy, rank these designs (strongest to weakest): case report, cohort, expert opinion, RCT.
Answer Options:
(No multiple-choice given—just a ranking prompt.)
Answer: Randomized Control Trial
Cohort Study
Case Report
Expert Opinion
Question 40
Name one advantage and one disadvantage of a retrospective cohort study.
Answer Options:
(No multiple-choice provided—open response.)
Correct Answer:
(Advantage) Lower cost, quicker using existing records
(Disadvantage) Potential incomplete/inaccurate data leading to bias
Question: You’re researching empiric treatment for acute sinusitis for a busy patient with good coverage. Based on EBM principles, what is the next best step?
Answer Options:
A. Order an ID consult
B. Ask patient for preference of dose frequency
C. Check wholesale price
D. Confirm dosage with physician
Answer: B
Question: Which represents the best PICO statement for an adult with type 2 diabetes using empagliflozin to decrease MI risk?
Answer Options:
A. Diabetes, type II | Jardiance | Cardiovascular mortality
B. Diabetes | empagliflozin | Cardiovascular mortality, MI, stroke
C. Adult, empagliflozin, placebo, MI
D. Adult, diabetes type 2, empagliflozin, non-fatal MI
Answer: D
Question: Which of the following statistical results (ARR, 95% CI, p-value) is not stated correctly?
Answer Options:
A. ARR 1.2, 95% CI –0.5 to 1.8, p=0.02
B. ARR 4.2, 95% CI –1.8 to 4.8, p=0.15
C. ARR 1.5, 95% CI 0.32 to 2.9, p=0.04
D. ARR 0.4, 95% CI –1.5 to 1.2, p=0.07
Answer: A
Question: Which statement correctly describes a difference between cohort studies and case-control studies?
Answer Options:
A. A cohort follows over time to see disease, a case-control looks retrospectively at exposures in diseased/non-diseased individuals
B. Cohort is used for rare diseases, case-control for prevalent diseases
C. Cohort is always retrospective, case-control always prospective
D. Cohort starts by identifying disease status, case-control by identifying exposure
Answer: A
Question: What is the aim of the STROBE statement?
Answer Options:
A. Provide guidelines for RCT design
B. Outline a checklist for improving observational study reporting
C. Regulate approval of new medical interventions
D. Establish ethical guidelines
Answer: B
Question: A study on antidepressants and mortality finds older people more likely to use antidepressants and have higher mortality. Distribution of ‘age’ is unbalanced. What is this describing?
Answer Options:
A. Misclassification from self-report
B. Selection bias
C. Recall (information) bias
D. Confounding by age
Answer: D
Question: Authors of a systematic review wish to combine observational trial results on NSAIDs and MI. Which is the strongest rationale for combining studies?
Answer Options:
A. Include only studies with significant results to strengthen conclusions
B. Improve external validity and applicability
C. Obtain a more precise effect size by increasing sample size
D. Offset biases by averaging strengths/weaknesses
Answer: C
Question: You and your significant other are negotiating to determine how you will spend your evening. Considering this, if you think that your significant other really cares about where you eat dinner (even though they do not), you may be falling victim to which error?
Answer Options:
Incompatibility error
Fixed sum error
None of these answers is correct
Fixed issue error
Answer: Incompatibility error
Question 2
Question:
Using the table above, on which issue are you most likely to experience the incompatibility error?
Answer Options:
Transportation
Dinner
Movie
Correct Answer:
Dinner
Question 3
Question:
Using the table above, you could be said to be integratively bargaining if you shared information about:
Answer Options:
What movie you want to see
The fact that dinner matters more to you than what movie you see
Why driving is not that attractive to you for the night
Where you want to eat dinner
Correct Answer:
The fact that dinner matters more to you than what movie you see
Question 4
Question:
According to the textbook, the Paris Hilton rule is:
Answer Options:
Looks matter, always appear to be in control
Never trust that your partner has your best interests in mind
Tell people what they want to hear and do what you want anyway
There is no such thing as bad publicity
Correct Answer:
There is no such thing as bad publicity
Question 5
Question:
If I am not concerned about my outcomes, and I am concerned about my negotiation partner’s outcomes, I am likely to bargain in this style:
Answer Options:
Accommodation
Integrative
Distributive
Avoidance
Compromise
Correct Answer:
Accommodation
Question 6
Question:
When it comes to integrative bargaining, I mentioned that two behaviors that are particularly important to employ when negotiating include:
Answer Options:
Building rapport and making multiple issue offers
Sharing priorities and making multiple issue offers
Sharing preferences and deadlines
Sharing preferences and building rapport
Correct Answer:
Sharing priorities and making multiple issue offers
Question: Which areas of business law would a human resources manager find most relevant?
Answer Options:
A. Contracts, employment and labor law, and employment discrimination
B. Contracts only
C. Contracts and labor law, but not employment discrimination
D. Employment and labor law, but not contracts
E. Human resource managers hold administrative positions and are not concerned with areas of business law
Answer: A) Contracts, employment and labor law, and employment discrimination
Question: A majority of citizens in a democracy can agree to permit certain authorities to make and enforce rules describing what behavior is permitted and encouraged in their community. These rules are what we refer to as the.
Answer Options:
A. electoral college
B. community standard
C. democratic validation
D. stare decisis
E. law
Answer: E) law