Question: A 43-year-old patient arrives to the emergency room via ambulance. EMS states the patient was a restrained passenger in a motor vehicle accident at freeway speeds. The patient has obvious limb deformities and significant lacerations to the face and scalp. The abdomen is distended and ecchymotic. The nurse recognizes the patient’s risk for hypovolemic shock. Which baseline indicator will allow the nurse to recognize early signs of shock?
Answer Options: Pulse oximetry Skin color Level of consciousness Heart rate
Answer: D. Heart rate
Question: A student is caring for a patient who suffered massive blood loss after trauma. How does the student correlate the blood loss with the patient’s mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Answer Options: A. There is no direct correlation to MAP B. It causes vasoconstriction and increased MAP C. Lower blood volume lowers MAP D. It raises cardiac output and MAP
Answer: C. Lower blood volume lowers MAP
Question: A patient experiencing hypovolemic shock has decreased cardiac output, which contributes to ineffective tissue perfusion. The nurse attributes the decrease in cardiac output to which of the following?
Answer Options: Increased MAP Decreased cardiac preload Increased cardiac preload Decreased cardiac afterload
Answer: B. Decreased cardiac preload
Question: Care of the patient with sepsis requires close monitoring of oxygenation status. The nurse correlates the SvO2 value as measurement of which parameter?
Answer Options: Oxyhemoglobin saturation Partial pressure of oxygen Arterial oxygenation Venous oxygen consumption
Answer: D. Venous oxygen consumption
Question: A patient at risk for hypovolemic shock has a central venous pressure (CVP) catheter in place. Which finding is a priority concern for the nurse?
Answer Options: Central venous pressure decreased from 6 to 1 mmHg HR decreased from 120 to 110 bpm Central venous pressure increased from 1 to 6 mmHg HR increased from 100 to 110 bpm
Answer: A. Central venous pressure decreased from 6 to 1 mmHg
Question: A patient being treated for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome. Which finding is consistent with this oncologic emergency?
Answer Options: Decreased urinary output Dyspnea Lower extremity edema Pain
Answer: B. Dyspnea
Question: Following chemotherapy, a patient is being closely monitored for tumor lysis syndrome. Which of the following metabolic disturbances can occur because of tumor lysis syndrome?
Answer Options: Hyperglycemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hyponatremia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Question: A female patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma asks the nurse about the diagnosis. The nurse bases their response on which description of this disorder?
Answer Options: Altered production of lymph nodes Altered red blood cell production Malignant proliferation of plasma cells within the bone Malignant exacerbation in the number of leukocytes
Answer: C. Malignant proliferation of plasma cells within the bone
Question: A patient being treated for cancer has a tumor designation of T4, N3, M1. What do these results indicate to the nurse?
Answer Options: The tumor has metastasized with lymph node involvement. The tumor is small in size. The tumor will respond to chemotherapy. There is one single tumor to treat.
Answer: A. The tumor has metastasized with lymph node involvement.
Question: A patient has recently been diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to see given this diagnosis?
Answer Options: Weight gain, dry skin, wheezes Paresthesias, facial rash, abdominal pain Bruising, fatigue, and bone pain Increased urinary output, crackles, and bradycardia
Answer: C. Bruising, fatigue, and bone pain
Question: The nurse is providing care for a patient with cirrhosis. During morning assessment, the nurse notes the patient is disoriented to time and place. In addition while assessing the upper extremities, the patient’s hands demonstrate a flapping motion. What lab result would explain these abnormal assessment findings?
Answer Options: Increased ammonia level Increased calcium level Decreased magnesium level Increased creatinine level
Answer: A. Increased ammonia level