Question: A nurse teaches a patient who experiences occasional premature atrial contractions (PACs) accompanied by palpitations that resolve spontaneously without treatment. Which statement would the nurse include in this patient’s teaching?
Answer Options: Lie on your side until the attack subsides. Minimize or abstain from caffeine. Press firmly on your carotid arteries when you experience palpitations. Take amiodarone daily to prevent PACs.
Answer: B. Minimize or abstain from caffeine.
Question: The RN is caring for a patient with upper GI bleeding secondary to advanced cirrhosis in a progressive care unit. The patient had successful endoscopic variceal ligation. Which of the following medication orders should the RN question:
Answer Options: Enoxaparin 40mg SQ q12 hours for DVT prophylaxis Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IVPB q 12 hours to prevent SBP Furosemide 10mg IV q 8 hours to treat ascites Metoprolol 2.5 mg IV q 8 hours to keep HR less than 100
Answer: A. Enoxaparin 40mg SQ q12 hours for DVT prophylaxis
Question: Mr. Jones is a 67-year-old male living at home with end-stage cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis C infection. His adult son brought him to the ER after finding him laying on the bathroom floor with blood visible in the toilet bowl. In the ER, Mr. Jones reported having black tarry stools and feeling weak the past 2 days. Mr. Jones’ vital signs are as follows: BP: 104/70, HR: 110, RR: 18, T: 102.2 F, SpO2: 95% on RA. Lab called to report a hemoglobin value of 6.8 g/dL [normal = 13-15 g/dL]. The ER nurse anticipates and prepares for what procedure based on Mr. Jones’ history and assessments?
Answer Options: Liver biopsy Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Paracentesis
Answer: C. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Question: Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to bone fractures because there is a decrease in the production of bile in the liver, preventing the absorption of which vitamin?
Answer Options: K A E D
Answer: D. D
Question: A patient admitted for syncope has a heart rate of 48 beats per minute. The nurse correlates this heart rate to which pacemaking structure of the heart?
Answer Options: SA node Purkinje fibers Left bundle branch AV node
Answer: D. AV node
Question: A nurse teaches a patient who experiences occasional premature atrial contractions (PACs) accompanied by palpitations that resolve spontaneously without treatment. Which statement would the nurse include in this patient’s teaching?
Answer Options: Lie on your side until the attack subsides. Minimize or abstain from caffeine. Press firmly on your carotid arteries when you experience palpitations. Take amiodarone daily to prevent PACs.
Answer: B. Minimize or abstain from caffeine.
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Question: The nurse is caring for a patient on the medical-surgical unit who suddenly becomes unresponsive and has no pulse. The cardiac monitor shows the rhythm below: The image shows ventricular fibrillation. After calling a Code Blue, what action would the nurse take next?
Answer Options: Ask the patient’s family about code status Start a second IV Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Review the patient’s electrolytes
Answer: C. Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Question: The nurse notes that the patient with atrial fibrillation has hypotension and correlates this to decreased cardiac output secondary to which factor?
Answer Options: Increased preload Resistance to ventricular filling Decreased AV node conduction Loss of atrial kick
Answer: D. Loss of atrial kick
Question: What action should a nurse take first for a patient whose cardiac monitor displayed the rhythm shown below: Image shows ventricular tachycardia
Answer Options: Cardiovert the patient with a biphasic defibrillator. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation. Administer an amiodarone bolus followed by a drip. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Answer: B. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation.
Question: A nurse assesses a 90-year-old female patient with a history of type 2 diabetes who is experiencing a myocardial infarction. The nurse knows this patient is less likely to experience which of the following signs of MI?
Answer Options: Diaphoresis Chest pain Nausea and vomiting Disorientation and confusion
Answer: B. Chest pain
Question: A patient had an acute myocardial infarction. What assessment finding indicates to the nurse that a significant complication has occurred?
Answer Options: Poor peripheral pulses and cool skin Urine output of 30mL/hr for 4 hours Blood pressure that is 20 mmHg below baseline Oxygen saturation of 94% on room air
Answer: C. Blood pressure that is 20 mmHg below baseline
Question: During an assessment, a patient describes a 1-year pattern of feeling chest pain with exercise that resolves with rest. The nurse correlates this finding with which health problem?
Answer Options: Unstable angina Variant angina Stable angina Prinzmetal’s angina
Answer: C. Stable angina
Question: A patient who had a myocardial infarction is in the coronary care unit on a cardiac monitor. The nurse observes ventricular irritability on the screen. What medication should the nurse prepare to administer?
Answer Options: Norepinephrine Amiodarone Furosemide Hydralazine
Answer: B. Amiodarone