Question: Which of the following is one of the general recommendations of the DASH diet plan to help prevent or treat hypertension?
Answer Choices:
All are recommended to help prevent or treat hypertension
Do not consume alcohol in excess
Consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight with diet and aerobic exercise
Reduce or moderate sodium intake
Answer: All are recommended to help prevent or treat hypertension
Question: Which hormone helps in the conservation of body water?
Answer Choices:
Epinephrine
Testosterone
Insulin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Question: For the average healthy adult, which of the following accounts for the greatest amount of water output?
Answer Choices:
Skin/sweat
Lungs
Urine
Feces
Answer: Urine
Question: Which of the following is NOT a major function of water in the body?
Answer Choices:
Main component of blood
Regulates body temperature
Coenzyme in energy metabolism
Protects key body tissues
Answer: Coenzyme in energy metabolism
Question: All of the following are symptoms of hyponatremia except ________.
Answer Choices:
nausea
thirst
bloating
headache
Answer: thirst
Question: Headache, disorientation, and a rectal temperature above 105–106°F are clinical findings of ________.
Answer Choices:
heat syncope
heat cramps
heat exhaustion
heat stroke
Answer: heat stroke
Question: The average healthy human body is about ________ percent water.
Answer Choices:
20–30
50–60
30–40
40–50
Answer: 50–60
Question: An electrolyte is a substance that, in solution, conducts an electric current and usually dissociates into ions, particles carrying either a negative or a positive electric charge.
Answer Choices:
True
False
Answer: True
Question: Sodium is a mineral element and is one of the principle positive ions. Sodium ________.
Answer Choices:
is found in rather small amounts in most natural foods, thus, deficiency states due to inadequate dietary intake are common
concentration may decrease in the blood; if this occurs, ADH, produced in the adrenal gland, will stimulate the kidney to return additional sodium
serves primarily to help maintain normal body-fluid balance and osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluids
is solely responsible for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction
Answer: serves primarily to help maintain normal body-fluid balance and osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluids
Question: Which of the following is not a major function of chloride?
Answer Choices:
Conduction of nerve impulses
Regulation of body-water balance
Necessary for certain digestive processes as part of HCl
Bone mineralization
Answer: Bone mineralization
Question: The three main ingredients in sports drinks, such as Gatorade®, are ________.
Answer Choices:
water, protein, and carbohydrates
protein, water, and electrolytes
electrolytes, omega-3 fatty acids, and carbohydrates
water, carbohydrates, and electrolytes
Answer: water, carbohydrates, and electrolytes
Question: Which of the following foods is the best source of potassium?
Answer Choices:
Banana
Apple
Broccoli
Cheddar cheese
Answer: Banana
Question: Acclimatization to the heat will increase performance in warm environments. Which of the following statements is true concerning this technique?
Answer Choices:
The changes associated with acclimatization increase the ability of the body to dissipate heat with less stress on the cardiovascular system
All of the choices are correct
It involves cutting back on the intensity or duration of your normal activity and then increasing it gradually
The process usually takes from one to two weeks to complete, but is lost in about seven to ten days in a cool environment
Answer: All of the choices are correct
Question: Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding water in the human body?
Answer Choices:
It provides the medium within which other nutrients function and regulates body temperature
It constitutes the majority of body weight, thus, rapid losses through dehydration may prove fatal in a relatively short time
The combination of environmental heat and increased heat from exercise metabolism may disturb body-water supplies, electrolyte status, and temperature regulations
It contains some food energy and enables the utilization of most of the other nutrients essential to life
Answer: It contains some food energy and enables the utilization of most of the other nutrients essential to life
Question: All of the following are typical physiological effects of dehydration except ________.
Answer Choices:
decreased sweat rate
decreased plasma volume
increased blood osmolality
increased cardiac output
Answer: increased cardiac output
Question: Which of the following statements about core body temperature is false?
Answer Choices:
Core body temperature can be measured either orally or rectally, with rectal temperatures being slightly higher than oral measurements of temperature.
Core body temperature refers to internal temperature and not the external shell temperature.
Core body temperature varies considerably depending upon the surrounding environmental temperatures.
In humans, normal body temperature is approximately 98.6°F.
Answer: Core body temperature varies considerably depending upon the surrounding environmental temperatures.