Question: Joanna had a small ventricular septal defect (VSD) repaired when she was 3 years old and has no residual cardiac problems. She is now 28 and is requesting prophylactic antibiotics for an upcoming dental visit. The appropriate antibiotic to prescribe according to current American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines is:
Answer Options:
None, no antibiotic is required for dental procedures
Amoxicillin 2 grams 1 hour before the procedure
Ampicillin 2 grams IM or IV 30 minutes before the procedure
Azithromycin 1 gram 1 hour before the procedure
Correct Answer: 1. None, no antibiotic is required for dental procedures
Answer:
Question: The goal of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients is:
Answer Options:
Maximum suppression of HIV replication
Eradication of HIV virus from the body
Determining a treatment regimen that is free of adverse effects
Suppression of CD4 T-cell count
Correct Answer: 1. Maximum suppression of HIV replication
Answer:
Question: Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect:
Answer Options:
Must be given by the enteral (oral) route only
Bypass the hepatic circulation
Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
Are converted by the liver to more active and fat-soluble forms
Correct Answer: 3. Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
Answer:
Question: An advantage of prescribing a sublingual medication is that the medication is:
Answer Options:
A. Absorbed rapidly
B. Excreted rapidly
C. Metabolized minimally
D. Distributed equally
Correct Answer: A. Absorbed rapidly
Answer:
Question: Vicky, age 56 years, comes to the clinic requesting a refill of her Fiorinal (aspirin and butalbital) that she takes for migraines. She has been taking this medication for over 2 years for migraines and states one dose usually works to abort her migraine. What is the best care for her?
Answer Options:
A. Switch her to sumatriptan (Imitrex) to treat her migraines
B. Assess how often she is using Fiorinal and refill medication
C. Switch her to a beta-blocker such as propranolol to prevent her migraine
D. Request for her to return to the original prescriber
Correct Answer: B. Assess how often she is using Fiorinal and refill medication
Answer:
Question: The nurse practitioner should take the following precautions when prescribing controlled substances?
Answer Options:
Faxing the prescription for a Schedule II drug directly to the pharmacy
Using tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs
Keeping any pre-signed prescription pads in a locked drawer in the clinic
Using only numbers to indicate the amount of drug to be prescribed
Correct Answer: 2. Using tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs
Answer:
Question: What is a serious side effect of Motrin in older adults?
Answer Options:
Secondary pain relief
Impaired renal function
Decreased liver function
Rebound headaches
Correct Answer: Impaired renal function
Answer:
Question: Behaviors predictive of addiction to controlled substances include:
Answer Options:
Stealing or borrowing another patient’s drugs
Requiring increasing doses of opiates for pain associated with malignancy
Receiving refills of a Schedule II prescription on a regular basis
Requesting that only their own primary care provider prescribe for them
Correct Answer: 1. Stealing or borrowing another patient’s drugs
Answer:
Question: A nurse practitioner instructs the patient that the use of PPIs for an extended period may lead to:
Answer Options:
A hip fracture in an at-risk person
Vitamin B6 deficiency
Liver cancer
All of the above
Correct Answer: 1. A hip fracture in an at-risk person
Answer:
Question: Reglan improves GERD symptoms by:
Answer Options:
Reducing acid secretion
Increasing gastric pH
Increasing lower esophageal tone
Decreasing lower esophageal tone
Correct Answer: Increasing lower esophageal tone
Answer:
Question: Many patients self-medicate with antacids. Which should be counseled not to take antacids without discussing it with their providers first?
Answer Options:
Patients with kidney stones
Pregnant patients
Patients with respiratory infection
Post-menopausal
Correct Answer: Patients with kidney stones
Answer:
Question: Josie is five years old and presents to the clinic with a 48-hour history of nausea and vomiting and some diarrhea. She is unable to keep fluids down and her weight is 4 lbs lighter than her last recorded weight. Besides IV fluids, her exam warrants the use of an anti-nausea medication. The NP prescribes:
Correct Answer: Zofran
Answer: