Answer: b
Question: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Assume that the project being considered has normal cash flows, with one outflow followed by a series of inflows. a. If Project A has a higher IRR than Project B, then Project A must have the lower NPV. b. If Project A has a higher IRR than Project B, then Project A must also have a higher NPV. c. The IRR calculation implicitly assumes that all cash flows are reinvested at the WACC. d. The IRR calculation implicitly assumes that cash flows are withdrawn from the business rather than being reinvested in the business. e. If a project has normal cash flows and its IRR exceeds its WACC, then the project’s NPV must be positive.
Answer: e
Question: The IRR method is based on the assumption that projects’ cash flows are reinvested at the project’s risk-adjusted cost of capital.
Answer Options:
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False
Question: It is extremely difficult to estimate the revenues and costs associated with large, complex projects that take several years to develop. This is why subjective judgment is often used for such projects along with discounted cash flow analysis. a. True b. False
Answer: a
Question: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The internal rate of return method (IRR) is generally regarded by academics as being the best single method for evaluating capital budgeting projects. b. The payback method is generally regarded by academics as being the best single method for evaluating capital budgeting projects. c. The discounted payback method is generally regarded by academics as being the best single method for evaluating capital budgeting projects. d. The net present value method (NPV) is generally regarded by academics as being the best single method for evaluating capital budgeting projects. e. The modified internal rate of return method (MIRR) is generally regarded by academics as being the best single method for evaluating capital budgeting projects.
Answer: d
Question: Assume a project has normal cash flows. All else equal, which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. A project’s IRR increases as the WACC declines. b. A project’s NPV increases as the WACC declines. c. A project’s MIRR is unaffected by changes in the WACC. d. A project’s regular payback increases as the WACC declines. e. A project’s discounted payback increases as the WACC declines.
Answer: b
Question: Traditionally, an NPV analysis assumes that projects will be accepted or rejected, which implies that they will be undertaken now or never. However, in practice, companies sometimes have a third choice—delay the decision until later, when more information will be available. Because the analysis extends out at least one additional year from the original analysis, it is unlikely that the firm would ever delay a project—particularly given the loss of the “first mover advantage.” a. True b. False
Answer: b
Question: Which one of the following would NOT result in incremental cash flows and thus should NOT be included in the capital budgeting analysis for a new product? a. Using some of the firm’s high-quality factory floor space that is currently unused to produce the proposed new product. This space could be used for other products if it is not used for the project under consideration. b. Revenues from an existing product would be lost as a result of customers switching to the new product. c. Shipping and installation costs associated with a machine that would be used to produce the new product. d. The cost of a study relating to the market for the new product that was completed last year. The results of this research were positive, and they led to the tentative decision to go ahead with the new product. The cost of the research was incurred and expensed for tax purposes last year. e. It is learned that land the company owns and would use for the new project, if it is accepted, could be sold to another firm.
Answer: d
Question: Four of the following statements are truly disadvantages of the regular payback method, but one is not a disadvantage of this method. Which one is NOT a disadvantage of the payback method? a. Lacks an objective, market-determined benchmark for making decisions. b. Ignores cash flows beyond the payback period. c. Does not directly account for the time value of money. d. Does not provide any indication regarding a project’s liquidity or risk. e. Does not take account of differences in size among projects.
Answer: d
Question: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Since depreciation is not a cash expense, and since cash flows and not accounting income are the relevant input, depreciation plays no role in capital budgeting. b. Under current laws and regulations, corporations must use straight-line depreciation for all assets whose lives are 3 years or longer. c. If they use accelerated depreciation, firms will write off assets slower than they would under straight-line depreciation, and as a result projects’ forecasted NPVs are normally lower than they would be if straight-line depreciation were required for tax purposes. d. If they use accelerated depreciation, firms can write off assets faster than they could under straight-line depreciation, and as a result projects’ forecasted NPVs are normally higher than they would be if straight-line depreciation were required for tax purposes. e. If they use accelerated depreciation, firms can write off assets faster than they could under straight-line depreciation, and as a result projects’ forecasted NPVs are normally higher than they would be if straight-line depreciation were required for tax purposes.
Answer: d
Question: The two methods discussed in the text for dealing with unequal project lives are (1) the replacement chain approach and (2) the equivalent annual annuity (EAA) approach. a. True b. False
Answer: a
Question: If a firm practices capital rationing, this means that it is accepting fewer projects than would be theoretically optimal; hence, it is not maximizing its theoretical value.
Answer Options:
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True
Question: Rowell Company spent $3 million two years ago to build a plant for a new product. It then decided not to go forward with the project, so the building is available for sale or for a new product. Rowell owns the building free and clear—there is no mortgage on it. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Since the building has been paid for, it can be used by another project with no additional cost. Therefore, it should not be reflected in the cash flows of the capital budgeting analysis for any new project. b. If the building could be sold, then the after-tax proceeds that would be generated by any such sale should be charged as a cost to any new project that would use it. c. This is an example of an externality, because the very existence of the building affects the cash flows for any new project that Rowell might consider. d. Since the building was built in the past, its cost is a sunk cost and thus need not be considered when new projects are being evaluated, even if it would be used by those new projects. e. If there is a mortgage loan on the building, then the interest on that loan would have to be charged to any new project that used the building.
Answer: b
Question: Which of the following rules is CORRECT for capital budgeting analysis? a. The interest paid on funds borrowed to finance a project must be included in estimates of the project’s cash flows. b. Only incremental cash flows, which are the cash flows that would result if a project is accepted, are relevant when making accept/reject decisions for capital budgeting projects. c. Sunk costs are not included in the annual cash flows, but they must be deducted from the PV of the project’s other costs when reaching the accept/reject decision. d. A proposed project’s estimated net income as determined by the firm’s accountants, using generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), is discounted at the WACC, and if the PV of this income stream exceeds the project’s cost, the project should be accepted. e. If a product is competitive with some of the firm’s other products, this fact should be incorporated into the estimate of the relevant cash flows. However, if the new product is complementary to some of the firm’s other products, this fact need not be reflected in the analysis.
Answer: b
Question: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The MIRR and NPV decision criteria can never conflict. b. The IRR method can never be subject to the multiple IRR problem, while the MIRR method can be. c. One reason some people prefer the MIRR to the regular IRR is that the MIRR is based on a generally more reasonable reinvestment rate assumption. d. The higher the WACC, the shorter the discounted payback period. e. The MIRR method assumes that cash flows are reinvested at the crossover rate.
Answer: c
Question: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the WACC, while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the IRR. b. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the risk-free rate, while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the IRR. c. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the WACC, while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the risk-free rate. d. The NPV method does not consider all relevant cash flows, particularly cash flows beyond the payback period. e. The IRR method does not consider all relevant cash flows, particularly cash flows beyond the payback period.
Answer: a
Question: We can identify the cash costs and cash inflows to a company that will result from a project. These could be called “direct inflows and outflows,” and the net difference is the direct net cash flow. If there are other costs and benefits that do not flow from or to the firm, but to other parties, these are called externalities, and they need not be considered as a part of the capital budgeting analysis. a. True b. False
Answer: b
Question: Conflicts between two mutually exclusive projects occasionally occur, where the NPV method ranks one project higher but the IRR method puts the other one first. In theory, such conflicts should be resolved in favor of the project with the higher IRR.
Answer Options:
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False
Question: Other things held constant, which of the following would increase the NPV of a project being considered? a. A shift from straight-line to MACRS depreciation. b. Making the initial investment in the first year rather than spreading it over the first three years. c. An increase in the discount rate associated with the project. d. An increase in required net operating working capital. e. The project would decrease sales of another product line.
Answer: a
Question: The regular payback method is deficient in that it does not take account of cash flows beyond the payback period. The discounted payback method corrects this fault.
Answer Options:
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False
Question: The two cardinal rules that financial analysts should follow to avoid errors are: (1) in the NPV equation, the numerator should use income calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and (2) all incremental cash flows should be considered when making accept/reject decisions for capital budgeting projects. a. True b. False
Answer: b
Question: A company is considering a proposed new plant that would increase productive capacity. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. In calculating the project’s operating cash flows, the firm should not deduct financing costs such as interest expense, because financing costs are accounted for by discounting at the WACC. If interest were deducted when estimating cash flows, this would, in effect, “double count” it. b. Since depreciation is a non-cash expense, the firm does not need to deal with depreciation when calculating the operating cash flows. c. When estimating the project’s operating cash flows, it is important to include both opportunity costs and sunk costs, but the firm should ignore the cash flow effects of externalities since they are accounted for in the discounting process. d. Capital budgeting decisions should be based on before-tax cash flows because WACC is calculated on a before-tax basis. e. The WACC used to discount cash flows in a capital budgeting analysis should be calculated on a before-tax basis. To do otherwise would bias the NPV upward.
Answer: a
Question: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. If a project with normal cash flows has an IRR greater than the WACC, the project must also have a positive NPV. b. If Project A’s IRR exceeds Project B’s, then A must have the higher NPV. c. A project’s MIRR can never exceed its IRR. d. If a project with normal cash flows has an IRR less than the WACC, the project must have a positive NPV. e. If the NPV is negative, the IRR must also be negative.
Answer: a
Question: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Assume that the project being considered has normal cash flows, with one outflow followed by a series of inflows. a. A project’s regular IRR is found by compounding the initial cost at the WACC to find the terminal value (TV), then discounting the TV at the WACC. b. A project’s regular IRR is found by compounding the cash inflows at the WACC to find the present value (PV), then discounting the TV to find the IRR. c. If a project’s IRR is smaller than the WACC, then its NPV will be positive. d. A project’s IRR is the discount rate that causes the NPV of the inflows to equal the project’s cost. e. If a project’s IRR is positive, then its NPV must also be positive.
Answer: d
Question: Which of the following factors should be included in the cash flows used to estimate a project’s NPV? a. All costs associated with the project that have been incurred prior to the time the analysis is being conducted. b. Interest on funds borrowed to help finance the project. c. The end-of-project recovery of any additional net operating working capital required to operate the project. d. Cannibalization effects, but only if those effects increase the project’s projected cash flows. e. Expenditures to date on research and development related to the project, provided those costs have already been expensed for tax purposes.
Answer: c