Question: What is the structural unit of compact bone?

Answer Options:
lamellar bone
osseous matrix
spongy bone
the osteon

Answer: the osteon

Question: A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the _______.

Answer Options:
metaphysis
epiphysis
diaphysis
articular cartilage

Answer: diaphysis

Question: An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.

Answer Options:
True
False

Answer: True

Question: What causes osteoporosis?

Answer Options:
heritage such as African or Mediterranean
Osteoblasts out-pace osteoclasts due to low hormone production of the ovaries.
abnormal PTH receptors
poor posture

Answer: Osteoblasts out-pace osteoclasts due to low hormone production of the ovaries.

Question: Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?

Answer Options:
It contains hyaluronic acid.
It contains lactic acid.
It contains hydrochloric acid.
It contains enzymes only.

Answer: It contains hyaluronic acid.

Question: Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?

Answer Options:
They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.
They allow movement only in one plane.
They allow movement in several planes.
They change [increase or decrease] the angle between two bones.

Answer: They change [increase or decrease] the angle between two bones.

Question: Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

Answer Options:
lacunae
epiphyseal line
epiphyseal plate
Haversian system

Answer: – epiphyseal plate

Question: The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the _______ nerve.

Answer Options:
femoral
tibial
obturator
common fibular

Answer: tibial

Question: The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.

Answer Options:
True
False

Answer: False

Question: Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.

Answer Options:
the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella
the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly
lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements
cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together

Answer: lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements

Question: For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

Answer Options:
A medullary cavity forms.
A bone collar forms around the cartilage model.
The cartilage matrix begins to deteriorate.
An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.

Answer: An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.

Question: The patellar “knee jerk” reflex is an example of a(n) _______.

Answer Options:
stretch reflex
stress reflex
crossed-extensor reflex
extensor thrust reflex

Answer: stretch reflex

Question: Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints?

Answer Options:
Joints develop in parallel with bones.
Joints develop independent of bone growth.
By the end of the fourth week, fetal synovial joints resemble adult joints.
All fibrous joints are in the adult form by the time of birth.

Answer: Joints develop in parallel with bones.

Question: A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.

Answer Options:
symphysis
syndesmosis
suture
gomphosis

Answer: symphysis

Question: An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.

Answer Options:
True
False

Answer: True

Question: An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.

Answer Options:
True
False

Answer: True

Question: A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.

Answer Options:
gomphosis
suture
synchondrosis
syndesmosis

Answer: gomphosis