Question: The _____ assumes that everything that occurs is a function of a finite number of causes.

Answer Options:

rationalist realist determinist empiricist

Answer: determinist

 

Question: Karl Popper disagreed with the traditional view that scientific activity starts with:

Answer Options:

a theory a problem empirical observation logical deduction

Answer: empirical observation

 

Question: According to Popper, scientific activity begins:

Answer Options:

with consensus with a problem with empirical observation with a well-formulated paradigm

Answer: with a problem

 

Question: According to Popper, what distinguishes a scientific theory from a nonscientific theory?

Answer Options:

the assumption of determinism the principle of falsifiability clarity the use of mathematical symbols

Answer: the principle of falsifiability

 

Question: If any conceivable observation supports a theory, Popper would conclude that the theory is:

Answer Options:

weak useless irrefutable the type that all sciences hope to develop

Answer: irrefutable

 

Question: According to Popper, the highest status that a scientific theory can attain is:

Answer Options:

corroborated verified confirmed justified

Answer: corroborated

 

Question: According to Popper, the theories of Freud and Adler cannot be considered scientific because they:

Answer Options:

make predictions rather than postdictions make postdictions rather than predictions are too easily falsified make too many risky predictions

Answer: make postdictions rather than predictions

 

Question: For Popper, a nonscientific theory:

Answer Options:

is unimportant can still be useful is insignificant is especially useful

Answer: can still be useful

 

Question: Which statement would Thomas Kuhn most likely support?

Answer Options:

“The scientific method guarantees objectivity.” “Science is a highly subjective enterprise.” “Each scientific enterprise is so unique that scientists cannot share a common set of assumptions.” “Once a paradigm has been established, further experimentation becomes unnecessary.”

Answer: “Science is a highly subjective enterprise.”

 

Question: According to Kuhn, the set of beliefs, values, assumptions, and a particular way of doing research which are accepted by a group of scientists is called:

Answer Options:

the religious component of science a paradigm a metaphysical orientation a correlational law

Answer: a paradigm

 

Question: Persistent observations that a currently accepted paradigm cannot explain are called:

Answer Options:

anomalies anachronisms paradigms revolutions

Answer: anomalies

 

Question: According to Kuhn, what happens during the paradigmatic stage of science?

Answer Options:

Existing paradigms are displaced Existing paradigms are solidified Puzzle-solving activity occurs Random facts are gathered

Answer: Puzzle-solving activity occurs

 

Question: According to Kuhn, what happens during the revolutionary stage of science?

Answer Options:

Existing paradigms are displaced Puzzle-solving activity occurs Existing paradigms are solidified Random facts are gathered

Answer: Existing paradigms are displaced

 

Question: According to the author of your text, contemporary psychology is:

Answer Options:

a multiparadigmatic science a single-paradigmatic science a pre-paradigmatic discipline in the revolutionary stage of development

Answer: a multiparadigmatic science

 

Question: Who is most likely to support the statement, “Our genetic predisposition determines our behavior”?

Answer Options:

biological determinist sociocultural determinist environmental determinist physical determinist

Answer: biological determinist

 

Question: Scientists are very much tied to the idea of studying objective reality, measuring and testing things “as they are”. However, the great physicist Werner Heisenberg pointed out we can never truly study…

Answer Options:

human experience objectively physics in a meaningful way atoms and subatomic particles the impact of genes on behavior

Answer: human experience objectively

 

Question: A psychologist who believes that human behavior is indeed determined but the causes can never be accurately known would be a(n):

Answer Options:

indeterminist physical determinist nondeterminist psychic determinist

Answer: indeterminist