Question: You are working in a hospital and have been asked to perform the LAL test (Limulus amebocyte lysate). After adding the amebocytes from the horseshoe crab to the serum, coagulation is not observed. What conclusion can you draw from this?

Answer Choices:
A. The patient’s serum contains endotoxin.*
B. The patient’s serum contains exotoxin.
C. The patient’s serum does not contain endotoxin.
D. No conclusion can be reached because the LAL test is not used for detection of toxins.

Answer:
A

Question: ___ can cause vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and chemotaxis.

Answer Choices:
A. Cytokines
B. Leukotrienes
C. Prostaglandins
D. Histamine

Answer:
D. Histamine

Question: Part of the antibody-mediated immunity which ___ was part of cell-mediated immunity.

Answer Choices:
A. does not exist
B. monoclonal antibodies
C. T cells
D. Antibodies, antigens
E. Neutrophils, monocytes

Answer:
C. T cells

Question: A(n) ________ is a biological poison produced by certain pathogens.

Answer:
toxin

Question: A Pap test can detect early signs of

Answer Choices:
a. a prolapsed uterus.
b. cervical cancer.
c. HIV infection.
d. infertility.

Answer:
b

Question: All contacts with a pathogen will result in infection.

Answer:
False

Question: ________ are anatomic locations where pathogens can pass into host tissue.

Answer:
Portals of entry

Question: Which of the following is a common secondary fungal disease?

Answer Choices:
A. giardiasis
B. histoplasmosis
C. oral thrush*

Answer:
C

Question: Which is the transmission mechanism for West Nile Virus?

Answer Choices:
A. body-fluid contact
B. droplets
C. fomite
D. vector*

Answer:
D

Question: ________ pathogens always cause disease.

Answer:
Primary

Question: ________ are molecules, receptors, or surface structures necessary for attachment to a host cell.

Answer:
Adhesins

Question: Which researcher required that surgeons should use a 5% carbolic acid solution to clean surgical tools as a way to prevent the spread of disease?

Answer Choices:
A. Alexander Fleming
B. Robert Koch
C. Joseph Lister*
D. John Snow

Answer:
C