Question: All of the following patients would be at risk for heart failure EXCEPT:
Answer Options:
• A 57-year-old male with history of myocardial infarction
• 58-year-old female with a history of alcohol abuse
• 49-year-old male with type II diabetes
• 62-year-old with a history of atrial fibrillation
Answer: 49-year-old male with type II diabetes
Question: The nurse is providing education to a patient diagnosed with left-sided heart failure. The nurse will include which signs and symptoms of this disease (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY).
Answer Options:
• tachycardia
• ascites
• cough
• cyanosis
• enlarged liver
• weight gain
Answer: tachycardia, cough, cyanosis
Question: In which situations would cardioversion be considered for a patient? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Answer Options:
• New-onset atrial fibrillation
• ventricular fibrillation
• atrial fibrillation unresponsive to medication
• complete heart block
• stable ventricular tachycardia
Answer: New-onset atrial fibrillation
atrial fibrillation unresponsive to medication
stable ventricular tachycardia
Question: A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis and asks the nurse to explain the pathophysiology of the disease. The nurse explains that atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms?
Answer Options:
• Plaques obstruct the vein.
• Plaques obstruct the artery.
• Blood clots form outside the vessel wall.
• Hardened vessels dilate to prevent blood flow.
Answer: Plaques obstruct the artery
Question: While caring for a client who has sustained a myocardial infarction, the nurse notes eight PVCs in one minute on the cardiac monitor. The patient is receiving an IV infusion of 0.9% NS and oxygen at 2 L/minute. The nurse’s first course of action should be to:
Answer Options:
• increase the IV infusion rate
• notify the health care provider immediately
• increase the oxygen concentration
• administer a prescribed pain medication
Answer: increase the oxygen concentration
Question: While caring for a client who has sustained a myocardial infarction, the nurse notes eight PVCs in one minute on the cardiac monitor. The patient is receiving an IV infusion of 0.9% NS and oxygen at 2 L/minute. The nurse’s first course of action should be to:
Answer Options:
• increase the IV infusion rate.
• notify the health care provider immediately.
• increase the oxygen concentration.
• administer a prescribed pain medication
Answer: increase the oxygen concentration
Question: A patient with a history of heart failure has palpitations and fatigue while getting out of bed to walk to the bathroom. What stage of congestive heart failure does this patient have?
Answer Options:
• Stage 1
• Stage 2
• Stage 3
• Stage 4
Answer: Stage 3
Question: Interpret the following arterial blood gas:
Answer Options:
• respiratory acidosis with partial compensation
• metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
• respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation
• metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation
Answer: metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation
Question: Dual-chamber pacemakers use one lead in the right atrium and one lead in the right ventricle.
Answer Options:
• True
• False
Answer: True
Question: What criteria should the nurse use to determine normal sinus rhythm for a client on a cardiac monitor? (Select all that apply).
Answer Options:
• The RR intervals are relatively consistent.
• The ST segment is higher than the PR interval.
• One P wave precedes each QRS complex.
• Four to five complexes occur in a 6-second strip.
• The PR interval should be 0.12 to 0.20 seconds.
Answer: The RR intervals are relatively consistent.
One P wave precedes each QRS complex.
The PR interval should be 0.12 to 0.20 seconds.
Question: Which of the following types of angina is most closely related with an impending MI (myocardial infarction)?
Answer Options:
• angina decubitus
• chronic stable angina
• nocturnal angina
• unstable angina
Answer: unstable angina
Question: Which of the following types of angina is most closely related with an impending MI (myocardial infarction)?
Answer Options:
• angina decubitus
• chronic stable angina
• nocturnal angina
• unstable angina
Answer: unstable angina
Question: Dual-chamber pacemakers use one lead in the right atrium and one lead in the right ventricle.
Answer Options:
• True
• False
Answer: True
Question: What criteria should the nurse use to determine normal sinus rhythm for a client on a cardiac monitor? (Select all that apply)
Answer Options:
• The RR intervals are relatively consistent.
• The ST segment is higher than the PR interval.
• One P wave precedes each QRS complex.
• Four to five complexes occur in a 6-second strip.
• The PR interval should be 0.12 to 0.20 seconds.
Answer: The RR intervals are relatively consistent, One P wave precedes each QRS complex, The PR interval should be 0.12 to 0.20 seconds
Question: Interpret the following arterial blood gas: pH: 7.52, CO₂: 46, HCO₃⁻: 32
Answer Options:
• respiratory acidosis with partial compensation
• metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
• respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation
• metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation
Answer: metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation
Question: A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis and asks the nurse to explain the pathophysiology of the disease. The nurse explains that atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms?
Answer Options:
• Plaques obstruct the vein.
• Plaques obstruct the artery.
• Blood clots form outside the vessel wall.
• Hardened vessels dilate to prevent blood flow.
Answer: Plaques obstruct the artery
Question: Which of the following characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is true?
Answer Options:
• it is an adverse effect of chemotherapy
• it is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder
• it is the least common cardiomyopathy
• it leads to increased blood flow to the ventricles
Answer: it is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder
Question: Which of the following characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is true?
Answer Options:
• it is an adverse effect of chemotherapy
• it is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder
• it is the least common cardiomyopathy
• it leads to increased blood flow to the ventricles
Answer: it is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder
Question: Medication for the treatment for systolic heart failure include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer Options:
• diuretics
• nitrates
• alpha blockers
• digitalis
Answer: alpha blockers
Question: In which situations would cardioversion be considered for a patient? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Answer Options:
• New-onset atrial fibrillation
• ventricular fibrillation
• atrial fibrillation unresponsive to medication
• complete heart block
• stable ventricular tachycardia
Answer: New-onset atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation unresponsive to medication, stable ventricular tachycardia