Question: Measurement of a patient’s arterial blood gas shows: / pH 7.3
Answer Options:
• metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated
• metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
• respiratory acidosis, partially compensated
• respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation
Answer: respiratory acidosis, partially compensated
Question: A priority intervention for a patient who had a left cardiac catheterization via the left femoral artery would be:
Answer Options:
• apply sequential pneumatic compression device on the legs
• administer alteplase
• administer oxygen
• keep the patient’s leg straight.
Answer: keep the patient’s leg straight.
Question: An embolus is a portion of a clot that has broken off of a venous wall and is now traveling in the bloodstream.
Answer Options:
• True
• False
Answer: True
Question: Complications of cardiac surgery include the following (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Answer Options:
• Fluid overload
• hypothyroidism
• myocardial infarction
• hyperglycemia
• Tachyarrythmias
Answer: Fluid overload
myocardial infarction
hyperglycemia
Tachyarrythmias
Question: A patient undergoing pericardiocentesis will likely have which of the following symptoms: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Answer Options:
• hypotension
• bradycardia
• muffled heart sounds
• bradypnea
• jugular vein distention
Answer: hypotension
muffled heart sounds
jugular vein distention
Question: Measurement of arterial blood gas shows:
Answer Options:
• metabolic acidosis, partially compensated
• Respiratory acidosis with no compensation
• Metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated
• respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation
Answer: metabolic acidosis, partially compensated
Question: A patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft 1 day ago. The patient asks when he will be able to go home. The best response by the nurse would be:
Answer Options:
• “you will likely recover in the hospital for 1 month.”
• “You will likely recover in the hospital for at least 2 weeks.”
• “You will be discharged today.”
• “You will likely be discharged 1 week after surgery!”
Answer: “You will likely be discharged 1 week after surgery!”
Question: A patient is prescribed captopril (ACE inhibitor) for heart failure. The patient complains of a dry, hacking cough. The best response by the nurse would be:
Answer Options:
• “you will need a chest X Ray.”
• “antibiotics are not prescribed for viral infections.”
• “this is a sign that your heart failure is worsening.”
• “a dry cough is expected with this medication.”
Answer: “a dry cough is expected with this medication.”
Question: Interpret the following ABG:
Answer Options:
• respiratory acidosis without compensation
• metabolic acidosis without compensation
• respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated
• metabolic alkalosis without compensation
Answer: respiratory acidosis without compensation
Question: Cardiogenic shock is likely to occur with all the following EXCEPT:
Answer Options:
• myocardial infarction
• cardiogenic tamponade
• physiologic murmur
• end-stage heart failure
Answer: physiologic murmur
Question: A patient just underwent left cardiac catheterization and is recovering. Which action would be a priority for the nurse caring for this patient?
Answer Options:
• keep patient in Trendelenburg position for 6 hours.
• maintain a compression device for 24 hours
• provide IV fluid bolus
• ambulate the patient
Answer: maintain a compression device for 24 hours
Question: Which intervention is appropriate for a patient with right-sided heart failure?
Answer Options:
• pacemaker
• daily weights
• morphine
• epinephrine
Answer: daily weights
Question: A 68-year-old woman is scheduled to undergo mitral valve replacement for severe mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation. Although the diagnosis was made during childhood, she did not have any symptoms until 4 years ago. Recently, she noticed increased symptoms. During the initial interview with this patient, the nurse would most likely learn that the client’s childhood health history included:
Answer Options:
• rheumatic fever
• meningitis
• chicken pox
• poliomyelitis
Answer: rheumatic fever
Question: Medication for the treatment for systolic heart failure include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer Options:
• diuretics
• nitrates
• alpha blockers
• digitalis
Answer: alpha blockers
Question: The nurse is providing education to a patient diagnosed with left-sided heart failure. The nurse will include which signs and symptoms of this disease (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY).
Answer Options:
• tachycardia
• ascites
• cough
• cyanosis
• enlarged liver
• weight gain
Answer: tachycardia
cough
cyanosis
Question: A patient with a history of heart failure has palpitations and fatigue while getting out of bed to walk to the bathroom. What stage of congestive heart failure does this patient have?
Answer Options:
• Stage 1
• Stage 2
• Stage 3
• Stage 4
Answer: Stage 3
Question: All of the following patients would be at risk for heart failure EXCEPT:
Answer Options:
• A 57-year-old male with history of myocardial infarction
• 58-year-old female with a history of alcohol abuse
• 49-year-old male with type II diabetes
• 62-year-old with a history of atrial fibrillation
Answer: 62-year-old with a history of atrial fibrillation
Question: A patient with heart failure develops pulmonary edema. Which of the following positions would best aid breathing for a client with acute pulmonary edema?
Answer Options:
• supine
• high Fowler’s
• Left side-lying
• Trendelenberg
Answer: high Fowler’s
Question: A patient with a history of persistent pericardial effusions would be a candidate for:
Answer Options:
• pericardiocentesis
• cardioversion
• pericardial window
• coronary artery bypass graft
Answer: pericardial window
Question: The purpose of right heart catheterization is to assess the right ventricle, mitral valve, and pulmonary valves.
Answer Options:
• True
• False
Answer: False
Question: A patient is being transferred to the cardiac catheterization unit for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The goal of this treatment is:
Answer Options:
• prevention of right-sided heart failure
• increase pulmonary artery pressure
• improve blood flow within a coronary artery
• remove thrombus from the atria
Answer: improve blood flow within a coronary artery